Kalām
Kalām (arabisch كلام) isch en arabische Begriff, wo allgemäin „Reed“, „Gsprööch“, „Wort“ bedütet. Im spezifische Sinn bezäichnet er aber e bestimmti Form vom theologische Stritgsprööch, wo sich uf razionali Argumänt stützt. Im arabisch-islamische Middelalter isch dr Kalām d Dialogform zerst vo muslimische, spööter aber au vo jüüdische und christlige Gleerte gsi. Die Gleerte het mä as Mutakallimūn bezäichnet.
Im Kalām as en äigeni Disziplin vo dr Kontrovärstheologii säit mä au ʿIlm al-Kalām (علم الكلام Kalām-Wüsseschaft).
Litratuur
- Michael Cook: "The origins of kalām" in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 43 (1980) 32-43.
- Alnoor Dhanani: The Physical Theory of Kalam. Atoms, Space, and Void in Basrian Mu‘tazili Cosmology (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Text and Studies; Bd. 14). Brill, Leiden 1994, ISBN 90-04-09831-3 (zugl. Dissertation, Universität Harvard 1991).
- Josef van Ess: The Logical Structure of Islamic Theology. In: Gustav Edmund von Grunebaum (Hrsg.): Logic in Classical Islamic Culture. Harrassowitz, Wisbade 1970, S. 21–50, ISBN 3-447-00001-5.
- Josef van Ess: "Disputationspraxis in der islamischen Theologie. Eine vorläufige Skizze" in Revue des études islamiques, Bd. 44 (1976), S. 23–60, ISSN 0036-156X.
- Josef van Ess: "Early Development of Kalām" in G.H.A. Juynboll (ed.): Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society. Carbondale/Edwardsville 1982. S. 109-123.
- Josef van Ess: Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert der Hidschra. Eine Geschichte des religiösen Denkens im frühen Islam. 6 Bde. Berlin: De Gruyter 1991-97.
- Richard M. Frank: Beings and Their Attributes. The Teaching of the Basrian School of the Mu‘tazila in the Classical Period (Studies in islamic philosophy and science). University Press, Albany, N.Y. 1978, ISBN 0-87395-378-9.
- Louis Gardet, Georges Anawati: Introduction à la théologie musulmane. Essai de théologie comparée (Etudes de philosophie médiévale; Bd. 37). 3. Aufl. Vrin, Paris 1981 (Noochdruck vo dr Usgoob Bariis 1948).
- Saul Horovitz: Ueber den Einfluss der griechischen Philosophie auf die Entwicklung des Kalam. Breslau: Schatzky 1909. Onläin: http://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/freimann/content/titleinfo/771022
- Tilman Nagel: Geschichte der islamischen Theologie. Von Mohammed bis zur Gegenwart. C.H.Beck, Münche 1994, ISBN 978-3-406-37981-9 (besonders leicht zugängliche Einführung).
- Shlomo Pines: "An Early Meaning of the Term mutakallim" in Israel Oriental Studies 1971 (1) 224-240.
- William Montgomery Watt: The Formative Period of Islamic Thought. Oneworld Edition, Edinburgh 2002, ISBN 1-85168-152-3 (Nachdr. d. Ausg. Edinburgh 1973).
- William Montgomery Watt: Islamic Philosophy and Theology. An extende survey. University Press, Edinburgh 1979, ISBN 0-7486-0749-8.
Weblingg
- David Bertaina: Christian Kalâm, in: Houari Touati (Hg.): Encyclopedia of Mediterranean Humanism, Bariis 2014.
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