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Ketokiselina

Pirogrožđana kiselina (gore), acetoacetatna kiselina i levulinska kiselina (dolje)

Ketokiseline ili keto kiseline (takođe zvane oksokiseline ili okso kiseline) su organsi spojevi koje sadrže karboksilnu i ketonsku grupu.[1] U nekoliko slučajeva, keto grupa je hidratizirana. Alfa-keto kiseline su posebno važne u biologiji jer su uključene u ciklus limunske kiseline i glikolizu.[2]

Uobičajeni tipovi keto kiselina uključuju:

Ketokiseline se pojavljuju u širokom spektru anaboličkih puteva u metabolizmu. Naprimjer, u biljkama (konkretno, u Conium maculatum, vrčaste biljk i budaleni peršun), 5-okso-oktanska kiselina pretvara se u enzimsku i ne- enzimskim koracima u cikličku klasu koniinskih alkaloida.[7]

Kada je nivo šećera i ugljikohidrata nizak, uskladištene masti i proteini su primarni izvor proizvodnje energije. Glukogene aminokiseline iz proteina pretvaraju se u glukozu. Ketogene aminokiseline mogu se deaminirati, kako bi se dobile alfa ketokiseline i ketonska tijela.

Alfa ketokiseline se prvenstveno koriste kao izvor energije za hepatocitima i u sintezi masnih kiselina, također u jetri.

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ Franz Dietrich Klingler, Wolfgang Ebertz "Oxocarboxylic Acids" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_313
  2. ^ Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. "Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry" 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York, 2000. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.
  3. ^ Penteado, Filipe; Lopes, Eric F.; Alves, Diego; Perin, Gelson; Jacob, Raquel G.; Lenardão, Eder J. (16. 4. 2019). "α-Keto Acids: Acylating Agents in Organic Synthesis". Chemical Reviews. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00782.
  4. ^ Hopper, Christopher P.; De La Cruz, Ladie Kimberly; Lyles, Kristin V.; Wareham, Lauren K.; Gilbert, Jack A.; Eichenbaum, Zehava; Magierowski, Marcin; Poole, Robert K.; Wollborn, Jakob; Wang, Binghe (23. 12. 2020). "Role of Carbon Monoxide in Host–Gut Microbiome Communication". Chemical Reviews. 120 (24): 13273–13311. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00586. ISSN 0009-2665.
  5. ^ Kerber, Robert C.; Fernando, Marian S. (oktobar 2010). "α-Oxocarboxylic Acids". Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (10): 1079–1084. doi:10.1021/ed1003096.
  6. ^ Hewitson, K.S.; McNeill, L.A.; Elkins, J.M.; Schofield, C.J. (1. 6. 2003). "The role of iron and 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases in signalling". Biochemical Society Transactions. 31 (3): 510–515. doi:10.1042/bst0310510.
  7. ^ Leete, E.; Olson, J. O. (1. 1. 1970). "5-Oxo-octanoic acid and 5-oxo-octanal, precursors of coniine". Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications (jezik: engleski) (23): 1651–1652. doi:10.1039/C29700001651. ISSN 0577-6171.

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