Nitrat
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Nitrat je poliatomski anion čija je formula NO3-. To je konjugirana baza nitratne kiseline HNO3. Struktura nitrat iona je planarna, gdje je dušikov atom okružen sa tri atoma kisika. Formalni naboj nitrat iona je (-1). Postoje u sljedeće tri rezonantne strukture:
Osobine
Nitrati su kristalne supstance, rastvorljive u vodi (izuzeci su malobrojni bazični nitrati) i imaju jako oksidacijsko djelovanje. Ipak u razblaženim vodenim rastvorima ne posjeduju te osobine. U prirodi se mogu javiti u obliku minerala (čilska šalitra NaNO3). Nitrati se primjenjuju kao mineralna đubriva, eksplozivni materijali, u proizvodnji boja i u medicini.
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