Reservevaluta
En reservevaluta er en valuta, der indgår i de fleste landes centralbankers valutareserver.[1]
I tiden efter 2. verdenskrig har den amerikanske dollar været den altdominerende reservevaluta,[2], hvilket bl.a. skyldes den generelle stabilitet knyttet til dollaren, ligesom en lang række råvarer, eksempelvis olie og metaller, prissættes i dollar.[1] Dollarens betydning som den afgørende reservevaluta har dog de seneste år været under pres[3] men langt den største del af verdens valutareserver er fortsat knyttet til den amerikanske dollar. Den næstmest anvendte reservevaluta er euro.[4][1]
Globale valutareserver opdelt efter valuta
Den Internationale Valutafond IMF udgiver regelmæssigt en opgørelse over valutasammensætningen af verdens valutareserver, Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER).[5] Ifølge disse opgørelser har valutareserverne været fordelt på følgende valutaer i perioden 1965-2019:
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1995 | 1990 | 1985 | 1980 | 1975 | 1970 | 1965 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US dollar | 60,89% | 61,74% | 62,72% | 65,36% | 65,73% | 65,14% | 61,24% | 61,47% | 62,59% | 62,14% | 62,05% | 63,77% | 63,87% | 65,04% | 66,51% | 65,51% | 65,45% | 66,50% | 71,51% | 71,13% | 58,96% | 47,14% | 56,66% | 57,88% | 84,61% | 84,85% | 72,93% |
| Euro (until 1999 - ECU) | 20,54% | 20,67% | 20,16% | 19,13% | 19,14% | 21,20% | 24,20% | 24,05% | 24,40% | 25,71% | 27,66% | 26,21% | 26,14% | 24,99% | 23,89% | 24,68% | 25,03% | 23,65% | 19,18% | 18,29% | 8,53% | 11,64% | 14,00% | 17,46% | |||
| Deutsche mark | 15,75% | 19,83% | 13,74% | 12,92% | 6,62% | 1,94% | 0,17% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Japanske yen | 5,70% | 5,20% | 4,89% | 3,95% | 3,75% | 3,54% | 3,82% | 4,09% | 3,61% | 3,66% | 2,90% | 3,47% | 3,18% | 3,46% | 3,96% | 4,28% | 4,42% | 4,94% | 5,04% | 6,06% | 6,77% | 9,40% | 8,69% | 3,93% | 0,61% | ||
| Britiske pund | 4,62% | 4,42% | 4,54% | 4,34% | 4,71% | 3,70% | 3,98% | 4,04% | 3,83% | 3,94% | 4,25% | 4,22% | 4,82% | 4,52% | 3,75% | 3,49% | 2,86% | 2,92% | 2,70% | 2,75% | 2,11% | 2,39% | 2,03% | 2,40% | 3,42% | 11,36% | 25,76% |
| Franske franc | 2.35% | 2.71% | 0.58% | 0.97% | 1.16% | 0.73% | 1.11% | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kinesiske renminbi | 1,96% | 1,89% | 1,23% | 1,07% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canadiske dollar | 1,88% | 1,84% | 2,02% | 1,94% | 1,77% | 1,75% | 1,83% | 1,42% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Australske dollar | 1,69% | 1,62% | 1,80% | 1,69% | 1,77% | 1,59% | 1,82% | 1,46% | |||||||||||||||||||
| Schweiziske franc | 0,15% | 0,14% | 0,18% | 0,16% | 0,27% | 0,24% | 0,27% | 0,21% | 0,08% | 0,13% | 0,12% | 0,14% | 0,16% | 0,17% | 0,15% | 0,17% | 0,23% | 0,41% | 0,25% | 0,27% | 0,33% | 0,84% | 1,40% | 2,25% | 1,34% | 0,61% | |
| Nederlandske gylden | 0.32% | 1.15% | 0.78% | 0.89% | 0.66% | 0.08% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Andre valutaer | 2.56% | 2.47% | 2.50% | 2.37% | 2.86% | 2.83% | 2.84% | 3.26% | 5.49% | 4.43% | 3.04% | 2.20% | 1.83% | 1.81% | 1.74% | 1.87% | 2.01% | 1.58% | 1.31% | 1.49% | 4.87% | 4.89% | 2.13% | 1.29% | 1.58% | 0.43% | 0.03% |
| Source: World Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves Arkiveret 13. juni 2019 hos Wayback Machine International Monetary Fund | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Referencer
- ^ a b c Hvad er reservevaluta?, netinbag.com[permanent dødt link]
- ^ Juncker ønsker euro som reservevaluta, jp.dk, 13.09.2018
- ^ Den amerikanske dollar presses som global reservevaluta, finans.dk, 12.08.2020
- ^ Is te US Dollar's role as the World's reserve currence under threat?, internationalbanker.com, 30.09.2020
- ^ "IMF Releases Data on the Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves Including Holdings in Renminbi". Imf.org (engelsk). Hentet 2020-12-28.
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