13th Canadian Parliament

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13th Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
18 March 1918 – 4 October 1921
Parliament leaders
Prime Minister	Robert Borden 10 Oct 1911 – 10 Jul 1920
	Arthur Meighen 10 Jul 1920 – 29 Dec 1921
Cabinets	10th Canadian Ministry 11th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	Wilfrid Laurier October 10, 1911 – February 17, 1919
	Daniel Duncan McKenzie February 17, 1919 – August 7, 1919
	William Lyon Mackenzie King August 7, 1919 – December 28, 1921
Party caucuses
Government	Unionist
Opposition	Laurier Liberals
House of Commons
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Edgar Nelson Rhodes January 18, 1917 – March 5, 1922
Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Joseph Bolduc June 3, 1916 – February 6, 1922
Government Senate Leader	James Alexander Lougheed October 10, 1911 – December 28, 1921
Opposition Senate Leader	Hewitt Bostock March 19, 1914 – January 1, 1919 January 1, 1920 – December 28, 1921
	Raoul Dandurand January 1, 1919 – December 31, 1919
Sovereign
Monarch	George V May 6, 1910 – January 20, 1936
Governor General	Victor Cavendish November 11, 1916 – August 2, 1921
	Julian Byng August 2, 1921 – August 5, 1926
Sessions
1st session March 18, 1918 – May 24, 1918
2nd session February 20, 1919 – July 7, 1919
3rd session September 1, 1919 – November 10, 1919
4th session February 26, 1920 – July 1, 1920
5th session February 14, 1921 – June 4, 1921
← 12th → 14th

The 13th Canadian Parliament was in session from March 18, 1918, until October 4, 1921. The membership was set by the 1917 federal election on December 17, 1917, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1921 election.

It was controlled by a Unionist Party majority first under Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden and the 10th Canadian Ministry, and after July 10, 1920, by Prime Minister Arthur Meighen and the 11th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Laurier Liberal Party, led first by Wilfrid Laurier, and then by Daniel McKenzie and William Lyon Mackenzie King consecutively.

The Speaker was Edgar Nelson Rhodes. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1914-1924 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were five sessions of the 13th Parliament; the third was opened by the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII):

Session	Start	End
1st	March 18, 1918	May 24, 1918
2nd	February 20, 1919	July 7, 1919
3rd	September 1, 1919	November 10, 1919
4th	February 26, 1920	July 1, 1920
5th	February 14, 1921	June 4, 1921

The following is a full list of members of the thirteenth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district. Party leaders are italicized. Parliamentary secretaries is indicated by "‡". Cabinet ministers are in boldface. The Prime Minister is both. The Speaker is indicated by "(†)".

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Battle River		William John Blair	Unionist	1917
Bow River		Howard Hadden Halladay	Unionist	1917
Calgary West		Thomas Tweedie	Unionist	1917
East Calgary		Daniel Lee Redman	Unionist	1917
Edmonton East		Henry Arthur Mackie	Unionist	1917
Edmonton West		William Antrobus Griesbach	Unionist	1917
Lethbridge		William Ashbury Buchanan	Unionist	1911
Macleod		Hugh Murray Shaw	Unionist	1917
Medicine Hat		Arthur Lewis Sifton (died January 21, 1921)	Unionist	1917
		Robert Gardiner (by-election of 1921-06-27)	Progressive	1921
Red Deer		Michael Clark	Unionist	1908
			Progressive
Strathcona		James McCrie Douglas	Unionist	1909
Victoria		William Henry White	Laurier Liberals	1908

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Burrard		Sanford Johnston Crowe	Unionist	1917
Cariboo		Frederick John Fulton	Unionist	1917
Comox—Alberni		Herbert Sylvester Clements	Unionist	1904,[a] 1911
Kootenay East		Saul Bonnell	Unionist	1917
Kootenay West		Robert Francis Green	Unionist	1912
Nanaimo		John Charles McIntosh	Unionist	1917
New Westminster		William Garland McQuarrie	Unionist	1917
Skeena		Cyrus Wesley Peck	Unionist	1917
Vancouver Centre		Henry Herbert Stevens	Unionist	1911
Vancouver South		Richard Clive Cooper	Unionist	1917
Victoria City		Simon Fraser Tolmie (until February 8, 1919, ministerial appointment)	Unionist	1917
		Simon Fraser Tolmie (by-election of 1919-10-27)	Unionist
Westminster District		Frank Bainard Stacey	Unionist	1917
Yale		Martin Burrell (until Parliamentary appointment)	Unionist	1908
		John Armstrong Mackelvie (by-election of 1920-11-22)	Conservative	1920

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Brandon		Howard Primrose Whidden	Unionist	1917
Dauphin		Robert Cruise	Unionist	1911
Lisgar		Ferris Bolton	Unionist	1917
Macdonald		Richard Coe Henders	Unionist	1917
Marquette		Thomas Alexander Crerar	Unionist	1917
Neepawa		Fred Langdon Davis	Unionist	1917
Nelson		John Archibald Campbell	Unionist	1917
Portage la Prairie		Arthur Meighen	Unionist	1908
Provencher		John Patrick Molloy	Laurier Liberals	1908
Selkirk		Thomas Hay	Unionist	1917
Souris		Albert Ernest Finley	Unionist	1917
Springfield		Robert Lorne Richardson	Unionist	1896,[b] 1917
Winnipeg Centre		George William Andrews	Unionist	1917
Winnipeg North		Matthew Robert Blake	Unionist	1917
Winnipeg South		George William Allan	Unionist	1917
			Independent

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Charlotte		Thomas Aaron Hartt	Unionist	1911
Gloucester		Onésiphore Turgeon	Laurier Liberals	1900
Kent		Auguste Théophile Léger	Laurier Liberals	1917
Northumberland		William Stewart Loggie	Unionist	1904
Restigouche—Madawaska		Pius Michaud	Laurier Liberals	1907
Royal		Hugh Havelock McLean	Unionist	1908
St. John—Albert*		Stanley Edward Elkin	Unionist	1917
		Rupert Wilson Wigmore	Unionist	1917
		Rupert Wilson Wigmore (by-election of 1920-09-20)	Conservative
Victoria—Carleton		Frank Broadstreet Carvell	Unionist	1904
		Thomas Wakem Caldwell (by-election of 1919-10-27)	United Farmers	1919
Westmorland		Arthur Bliss Copp	Laurier Liberals	1915
York—Sunbury		Harry Fulton McLeod	Unionist	1913
		Richard Hanson (by-election of 1921-05-28)	Conservative	1921

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Antigonish—Guysborough		John Howard Sinclair	Laurier Liberals	1904
Cape Breton South and Richmond*		Robert Hamilton Butts	Unionist	1917
		John Carey Douglas	Unionist	1917
Colchester		Fleming Blanchard McCurdy ‡ (until July 13, 1920, ministerial appointment)	Unionist	1911
		Fleming Blanchard McCurdy ‡ (by-election of 1920-09-20)	Nationalist Liberal
Cumberland		Edgar Nelson Rhodes (†)	Unionist	1908
Digby and Annapolis		Avard Longley Davidson	Unionist	1911
Halifax*		Alexander Kenneth Maclean	Unionist	1904
		Peter Francis Martin	Unionist	1917
Hants		Hadley Brown Tremain	Unionist	1911
Inverness		Alexander William Chisholm	Laurier Liberals	1904
Kings		Robert Laird Borden	Unionist	1896, 1905,[c] 1908
Lunenburg		William Duff	Laurier Liberals	1917
North Cape Breton and Victoria		Daniel Duncan McKenzie	Laurier Liberals	1904, 1908
Pictou		Alexander McGregor	Unionist	1917
Shelburne and Queen's		William Stevens Fielding	Unionist	1896, 1917
Yarmouth and Clare		Edgar Keith Spinney	Unionist	1917

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Algoma East		George Brecken Nicholson	Unionist	1917
Algoma West		Thomas Edward Simpson	Unionist	1917
Brantford		William Foster Cockshutt	Unionist	1904, 1911
Brant		John Harold	Unionist	1917
Bruce North		Hugh Clark ‡	Unionist	1911
Bruce South		Reuben Eldridge Truax	Laurier Liberals	1913
Carleton		George Boyce	Unionist	1917
Dufferin		John Best	Unionist	1909
Dundas		Orren D. Casselman	Unionist	1917
Durham		Newton Rowell	Unionist	1917
Elgin East		David Marshall (died February 14, 1920)	Unionist	1906
		Sydney Smith McDermand (by-election of 1920-11-22)	United Farmers of Ontario	1920
Elgin West		Thomas Wilson Crothers	Unionist	1908
Essex North		William Costello Kennedy	Laurier Liberals	1917
Essex South		John Wesley Brien	Unionist	1917
Fort William and Rainy River		Robert James Manion	Unionist	1917
Frontenac		John Wesley Edwards	Unionist	1908
Glengarry and Stormont		John McMartin (died April 12, 1918)	Unionist	1917
		John Wilfred Kennedy (by-election of 1919-10-27)	United Farmers of Ontario-Labour	1919
Grenville		John Dowsley Reid	Unionist	1896
Grey North		William Sora Middlebro	Unionist	1908
Grey Southeast		Robert James Ball	Unionist	1911
Haldimand		Francis Ramsey Lalor	Unionist	1904
Halton		Robert King Anderson	Unionist	1917
Hamilton East		Sydney Chilton Mewburn	Unionist	1917
Hamilton West		Thomas Joseph Stewart	Unionist	1900
Hastings East		Thomas Henry Thompson	Unionist	1917
Hastings West		Edward Guss Porter	Unionist	1902
Huron North		James Bowman	Unionist	1911
Huron South		Jonathan Joseph Merner	Unionist	1911
Kent		Archibald Blake McCoig	Laurier Liberals	1908
Kingston		William Folger Nickle (resigned July 7, 1919)	Unionist	1911
		Henry Lumley Drayton (by-election of 1919-10-20)	Conservative	1919
Lambton East		Joseph Elijah Armstrong	Unionist	1904
Lambton West		Frederick Forsyth Pardee	Unionist	1905
Lanark		Adelbert Edward Hanna (died February 27, 1918)	Unionist	1913
		John Alexander Stewart (by-election of 1918-05-02)	Unionist	1918
Leeds		William Thomas White	Unionist	1911
Lennox and Addington		William James Paul	Unionist	1911
Lincoln		James Dew Chaplin	Unionist	1917
London		Hume Blake Cronyn	Unionist	1917
Middlesex East		Samuel Francis Glass	Unionist	1913
Middlesex West		Duncan Campbell Ross	Laurier Liberals	1909
Muskoka		Peter McGibbon	Unionist	1917
Nipissing		Charles Robert Harrison	Unionist	1917
Norfolk		William Andrew Charlton	Unionist	1911
Northumberland		Charles Arthur Munson	Unionist	1911
Ontario North		Samuel Simpson Sharpe (died in office)	Unionist	1908
		Robert Henry Halbert (by-election of 1919-12-09)	Independent	1919
Ontario South		William Smith	Unionist	1891, 1892, 1911
Ottawa (City of)*		John Léo Chabot	Unionist	1911
		Alfred Ernest Fripp	Unionist	1911
Oxford North		Edward Walter Nesbitt	Unionist	1908
Oxford South		Donald Sutherland	Unionist	1911
Parkdale		Herbert Macdonald Mowat	Unionist	1917
Parry Sound		James Arthurs	Unionist	1908
Peel		Samuel Charters	Unionist	1917
Perth North		Hugh Boulton Morphy	Unionist	1911
Perth South		Michael Steele	Unionist	1911
Peterborough East		John Albert Sexsmith	Unionist	1908
Peterborough West		John Hampden Burnham (until resignation)	Unionist	1911
		George Newcombe Gordon (by-election of 1921-02-07)	Liberal	1921
Port Arthur and Kenora		Francis Henry Keefer ‡	Unionist	1917
Prescott		Edmond Proulx	Laurier Liberals	1904
Prince Edward		Bernard Rickart Hepburn	Unionist	1911
Renfrew North		Herbert John Mackie	Unionist	1917
Renfrew South		Isaac Ellis Pedlow	Laurier Liberals	1917
Russell		Charles Murphy	Laurier Liberals	1904
Simcoe East		James Brockett Tudhope	Unionist	1917
Simcoe North		John Allister Currie	Unionist	1908
Simcoe South		William Alves Boys	Unionist	1912
Timiskaming		Francis Cochrane (died in office)	Unionist	1911
		Angus McDonald (by-election of 1920-04-07)	Independent	1920
Toronto Centre		Edmund James Bristol	Unionist	1905
Toronto East		Albert Edward Kemp	Unionist	1900, 1911
Toronto North		George Eulas Foster	Unionist	1882,[d] 1904
Toronto South		Charles Sheard	Unionist	1917
Toronto West		Horatio Clarence Hocken	Unionist	1917
Victoria		Sam Hughes	Unionist	1892
Waterloo North		William Daum Euler	Laurier Liberals	1917
Waterloo South		Frank Stewart Scott	Unionist	1915
Welland		Evan Eugene Fraser	Unionist	1917
Wellington North		William Aurelius Clarke	Unionist	1911
Wellington South		Hugh Guthrie	Unionist	1900
Wentworth		Gordon Crooks Wilson	Unionist	1911
York East		Thomas Foster	Unionist	1917
York North		John Alexander Macdonald Armstrong	Unionist	1911
York South		William Findlay Maclean	Unionist	1892
York West		Thomas George Wallace	Unionist	1908

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
King's		James McIsaac	Unionist	1917
Prince		Joseph Read (died April 6, 1919)	Laurier Liberals	1917
		William Lyon Mackenzie King (by-election of 1919-10-20)	Liberal	1908,[e] 1919
Queen's*		Donald Nicholson	Unionist	1911
		John Ewen Sinclair	Laurier Liberals	1917

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Argenteuil		Peter Robert McGibbon	Laurier Liberals	1917
Bagot		Joseph Edmond Marcile	Laurier Liberals	1898
Beauce		Henri Sévérin Béland	Laurier Liberals	1902
Beauharnois		Louis-Joseph Papineau	Laurier Liberals	1908
Bellechasse		Charles Alphonse Fournier	Laurier Liberals	1917
Berthier		Joseph-Charles-Théodore Gervais	Laurier Liberals	1917
Bonaventure		Charles Marcil	Laurier Liberals	1900
Brome		Andrew Ross McMaster	Laurier Liberals	1917
Chambly—Verchères		Joseph Archambault	Laurier Liberals	1917
Champlain		Arthur Lesieur Desaulniers	Laurier Liberals	1917
Charlevoix—Montmorency		Pierre-François Casgrain	Laurier Liberals	1917
Chicoutimi—Saguenay		Edmond Savard	Laurier Liberals	1917
Châteauguay—Huntingdon		James Alexander Robb	Laurier Liberals	1908
Compton		Aylmer Byron Hunt	Laurier Liberals	1904, 1917
Dorchester		Lucien Cannon	Laurier Liberals	1917
Drummond—Arthabaska		Joseph Ovide Brouillard	Laurier Liberals	1911
Gaspé		Rodolphe Lemieux	Laurier Liberals	1896
George-Étienne Cartier		Samuel William Jacobs	Laurier Liberals	1917
Hochelaga		Joseph Edmond Lesage	Laurier Liberals	1917
Hull		Joseph-Éloi Fontaine	Laurier Liberals	1917
Jacques Cartier		David Arthur Lafortune	Laurier Liberals	1896
Joliette		Jean-Joseph Denis	Laurier Liberals	1917
Kamouraska		Ernest Lapointe (resigned October 14, 1919)	Laurier Liberals	1904
		Charles Adolphe Stein (by-election of 1920-03-31)	Liberal	1920
Labelle		Hyacinthe-Adélard Fortier	Laurier Liberals	1917
Laprairie—Napierville		Roch Lanctôt	Laurier Liberals	1904
L'Assomption—Montcalm		Paul-Arthur Séguin	Laurier Liberals	1908
Laurier—Outremont		Pamphile Réal Blaise Nugent Du Tremblay	Laurier Liberals	1917
Laval—Two Mountains		Joseph Arthur Calixte Éthier	Laurier Liberals	1896
Lévis		Joseph Boutin Bourassa	Laurier Liberals	1911
L'Islet		Joseph-Fernand Fafard	Laurier Liberals	1917
Lotbinière		Thomas Vien	Laurier Liberals	1917
Maisonneuve		Rodolphe Lemieux	Laurier Liberals	1896
Maskinongé		Hormidas Mayrand	Laurier Liberals	1903, 1917
Matane		François Jean Pelletier	Laurier Liberals	1917
Mégantic		Lucien Turcotte Pacaud	Laurier Liberals	1911
Missisquoi		William Frederic Kay	Laurier Liberals	1911
Montmagny		Joseph Bruno Aimé Miville Déchêne	Laurier Liberals	1917
Nicolet		Arthur Trahan	Laurier Liberals	1917
Pontiac		Frank S. Cahill	Laurier Liberals	1917
Portneuf		Michel-Siméon Delisle	Laurier Liberals	1900
Quebec County		Henri-Edgar Lavigueur	Laurier Liberals	1917
Quebec East		Wilfrid Laurier (died February 17, 1919)	Laurier Liberals	1874
		Ernest Lapointe (by-election of 1919-10-27)	Laurier Liberals	1904
Quebec South		Charles Gavan Power	Laurier Liberals	1917
Quebec West		Georges Parent	Laurier Liberals	1904,[f] 1917
Richelieu		Arthur Cardin	Laurier Liberals	1911
Richmond—Wolfe		Edmund William Tobin	Laurier Liberals	1900
Rimouski		Joseph-Émile-Stanislas-Émmanuel D'Anjou	Laurier Liberals	1917
St. Ann		Charles Joseph Doherty	Unionist	1908
St. Antoine		Herbert Brown Ames	Unionist	1904
St. Denis		Alphonse Verville	Laurier Liberals	1906
St. Hyacinthe—Rouville		Louis Joseph Gauthier	Laurier Liberals	1911
St. James		Louis Audet Lapointe (died February 7, 1920)	Laurier Liberals	1911
		Fernand Rinfret (by-election of 1920-04-07)	Liberal	1920
St. Johns—Iberville		Marie Joseph Demers	Laurier Liberals	1906
St. Lawrence—St. George		Charles Ballantyne	Unionist	1917
St. Mary		Hermas Deslauriers	Laurier Liberals	1917
Shefford		Georges Henri Boivin	Laurier Liberals	1911
Town of Sherbrooke		Francis N. McCrea	Laurier Liberals	1911
Stanstead		Willis Keith Baldwin	Laurier Liberals	1917
Terrebonne		Jules-Édouard Prévost	Laurier Liberals	1917
Three Rivers and St. Maurice		Jacques Bureau	Laurier Liberals	1900
Témiscouata		Charles Arthur Gauvreau	Laurier Liberals	1897
Vaudreuil—Soulanges		Gustave Benjamin Boyer	Laurier Liberals	1904
Westmount—St. Henri		Joseph Alfred Leduc	Laurier Liberals	1917
Wright		Emmanuel Berchmans Devlin	Laurier Liberals	1904
Yamaska		Oscar Gladu (died December 5, 1920)	Laurier Liberals	1917
		Aimé Boucher (by-election of 1921-05-28)	Liberal	1921

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Assiniboia		John Gillanders Turriff (until September 23, 1918, Senate appointment)	Unionist	1904
		Oliver Robert Gould (by-election of 1919-10-27)	United Farmers	1919
Battleford		Henry Oswald Wright	Unionist	1917
Humboldt		Norman Lang	Unionist	1917
Kindersley		Edward Thomas Wordon Myers	Unionist	1917
Last Mountain		John Frederick Johnston	Unionist	1917
Mackenzie		John Flaws Reid	Unionist	1917
Maple Creek		John Archibald Maharg	Unionist	1917
Moose Jaw		James Alexander Calder	Unionist	1917
North Battleford		Charles Edwin Long	Unionist	1917
Prince Albert		Andrew Knox	Unionist	1917
			Progressive
Qu'Appelle		Levi Thomson	Unionist	1911
Regina		Walter Davy Cowan	Unionist	1917
Saltcoats		Thomas MacNutt	Unionist	1908
Saskatoon		James Robert Wilson	Unionist	1917
Swift Current		Ira Eugene Argue	Unionist	1917
Weyburn		Richard Frederick Thompson	Unionist	1917

Electoral district		Name	Party	First elected/previously elected
Yukon		Alfred Thompson	Unionist	1904, 1911

By-election	Date	Incumbent	Party		Winner	Party		Cause	Retained
Medicine Hat	June 27, 1921	Arthur Lewis Sifton		Unionist	Robert Gardiner		Progressive	Death	No
Yamaska	May 28, 1921	Oscar Gladu		Laurier Liberal	Aimé Boucher		Liberal	Death	Yes
York—Sunbury	May 28, 1921	Harry Fulton McLeod		Unionist	Richard Hanson		Conservative	Death	Yes
Peterborough West	February 7, 1921	John Hampden Burnham		Unionist	George Newcombe Gordon		Liberal	Resignation	No
Yale	November 22, 1920	Martin Burrell		Unionist	John Armstrong MacKelvie		Conservative	Appointed Librarian of Parliament	Yes
Elgin East	November 22, 1920	David Marshall		Unionist	Sydney Smith McDermand		United Farmers	Death	No
St. John—Albert	September 20, 1920	Rupert Wilson Wigmore		Unionist	Rupert Wilson Wigmore		Conservative	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Customs and Inland Revenue	Yes
Colchester	September 20, 1920	Fleming Blanchard McCurdy		Unionist	Fleming Blanchard McCurdy		Nationalist Liberal	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Public Works	Yes
Timiskaming	April 7, 1920	Francis Cochrane		Unionist	Angus McDonald		Independent	Death	No
St. James	April 7, 1920	Louis Audet Lapointe		Laurier Liberal	Fernand Rinfret		Liberal	Death	Yes
Kamouraska	March 31, 1920	Ernest Lapointe		Laurier Liberal	Charles Adolphe Stein		Liberal	Resignation to contest Quebec East by-election	Yes
Ontario North	December 9, 1919	Samuel Simpson Sharpe		Conservative	Robert Henry Halbert		Independent	Death	No
Quebec East	October 27, 1919	Wilfrid Laurier		Laurier Liberal	Ernest Lapointe		Laurier Liberal	Death	Yes
Glengarry and Stormont	October 27, 1919	John McMartin		Unionist	John Wilfred Kennedy		United Farmers	Death	No
Assiniboia	October 27, 1919	John Gillanders Turriff		Unionist	Oliver Robert Gould		United Farmers	Called to the Senate	No
Victoria City	October 27, 1919	Simon Fraser Tolmie		Unionist	Simon Fraser Tolmie		Unionist	Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Agriculture.	Yes
Prince	October 20, 1919	Joseph Read		Liberal	William Lyon Mackenzie King		Liberal	Death	Yes
Kingston	October 20, 1919	William Folger Nickle		Conservative	Henry Lumley Drayton		Unionist	Resignation	Yes
Victoria—Carleton	October 17, 1919	Frank Carvell		Unionist	Thomas Wakem Caldwell		United Farmers	Appointed Chairman of the Board of Railway Commissioners	No
Lanark	May 2, 1918	Adelbert Edward Hanna		Unionist	John Alexander Stewart		Unionist	Death	Yes

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

• Government of Canada. "10th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on August 19, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "11th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on August 19, 2004. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "13th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on December 20, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on September 14, 2005. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on September 17, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2006.