17th United States Congress 1821-1823 U.S. Congress
The 17th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . While its term was officially March 4, 1821, to March 4, 1823, during the fifth and sixth years of James Monroe 's presidency , its first session began on December 3, 1821, ending on May 8, 1822, and its second session began on December 2, 1822, to March 3, 1823. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census . Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
The members William Smith , John Gaillard , Joseph Gist , John Wilson , George McDuffie , Starling Tucker , James Overstreet , Thomas R. Mitchell , William Lowndes , Joel Roberts Poinsett , and James Blair were described as being "outspokenly pro-British" in their outlook. All of whom signed a "letter of brotherhood and solidarity" addressed to British Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool and the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh in 1822. The same letter harshly condemned the actions of France and specifically those of King Louis XVIII .[ 1]
Major events
Major legislation
States admitted and territories organized
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership " section.
Senate
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of Missouri.
House of Representatives
For the beginning of this congress, six seats from Massachusetts were reapportioned to the new state of Maine (one seat had already moved during the previous congress), 3 Stat. 555 . During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Missouri, 3 Stat. 547 .
Leadership
President of the SenateDaniel D. Tompkins
Senate
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives , below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers , which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.
▌ 2. William R. King (DR)▌ 3. John W. Walker (DR), until December 12, 1822
▌ William Kelly (DR), from December 12, 1822▌ 1. Elijah Boardman (DR)▌ 3. James Lanman (DR)▌ 1. Caesar A. Rodney (DR), January 24, 1822 – January 29, 1823, vacant for remainder of term▌ 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (F)▌ 2. Freeman Walker (DR), until August 6, 1821
▌ Nicholas Ware (DR), from November 10, 1821▌ 3. John Elliott (DR)▌ 2. Jesse B. Thomas (DR)▌ 3. Ninian Edwards (DR)▌ 1. James Noble (DR)▌ 3. Waller Taylor (DR)▌ 2. Richard M. Johnson (DR)▌ 3. Isham Talbot (DR)▌ 2. Henry Johnson (DR)▌ 3. James Brown (DR)▌ 1. John Holmes (DR)▌ 2. John Chandler (DR)▌ 1. William Pinkney (DR), until February 25, 1822
▌ Samuel Smith (DR), from December 17, 1822▌ 3. Edward Lloyd (DR)▌ 1. Elijah H. Mills (F)▌ 2. Harrison Gray Otis (F), until May 30, 1822
▌ James Lloyd (F), from June 5, 1822▌ 1. David Holmes (DR)▌ 2. Thomas H. Williams (DR)
▌ 1. Thomas H. Benton (DR), from August 10, 1821 (newly admitted state)▌ 3. David Barton (DR), from August 10, 1821 (newly admitted state)▌ 2. David L. Morril (DR)▌ 3. John F. Parrott (DR)▌ 1. Samuel L. Southard (DR)▌ 2. Mahlon Dickerson (DR)▌ 1. Martin Van Buren (DR)▌ 3. Rufus King (F)▌ 2. Montfort Stokes (DR)▌ 3. Nathaniel Macon (DR)▌ 1. Benjamin Ruggles (DR)▌ 3. William A. Trimble (DR), until December 13, 1821
▌ Ethan Allen Brown (DR), from January 3, 1822▌ 1. William Findlay (DR), from December 10, 1821▌ 3. Walter Lowrie (DR)▌ 1. James DeWolf (DR)▌ 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (DR)▌ 2. William Smith (DR)▌ 3. John Gaillard (DR)▌ 1. John H. Eaton (DR), from September 27, 1821[ 3] ▌ 2. John Williams (DR)▌ 1. Horatio Seymour (DR)▌ 3. William A. Palmer (DR)▌ 1. James Barbour (DR)▌ 2. James Pleasants (DR), until December 15, 1822
▌ John Taylor of Caroline (DR), from December 18, 1822
Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 17th Congress in March 1821. Missouri's senators were not seated until August 10, 1821. 2 Democratic-Republicans
1 Democratic-Republican and 1 Federalist
2 Federalists
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
▌ At-large Gabriel Moore (DR)All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large Noyes Barber (DR)▌ At-large Daniel Burrows (DR)▌ At-large Henry W. Edwards (DR)▌ At-large John Russ (DR)▌ At-large Ansel Sterling (DR)▌ At-large Ebenezer Stoddard (DR)▌ At-large Gideon Tomlinson (DR)Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large Louis McLane (F)▌ At-large Caesar A. Rodney (DR), until January 24, 1822
▌ Daniel Rodney (F), from October 1, 1822All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large Joel Abbot (DR)▌ At-large Alfred Cuthbert (DR)▌ At-large George R. Gilmer (DR)▌ At-large Robert R. Reid (DR)▌ At-large Edward F. Tattnall (DR)▌ At-large Wiley Thompson (DR)▌ At-large Daniel P. Cook (DR)▌ At-large William Hendricks (DR), until July 25, 1822
▌ Jonathan Jennings (DR), from December 2, 1822▌ 1 David Trimble (DR)▌ 2 Samuel H. Woodson (DR)▌ 3 John T. Johnson (DR)▌ 4 Thomas Metcalfe (DR)▌ 5 Anthony New (DR)▌ 6 Francis Johnson (DR)▌ 7 George Robertson (DR), until sometime in 1821 before the convening of Congress
▌ John S. Smith (DR), from August 6, 1821▌ 8 Wingfield Bullock (DR), until October 13, 1821
▌ James D. Breckinridge (DR), from November 21, 1821▌ 9 Thomas Montgomery (DR)▌ 10 Benjamin Hardin (DR)▌ At-large Josiah S. Johnston (DR)▌ 1 Joseph Dane (F)▌ 2 Ezekiel Whitman (F), until June 1, 1822
▌ Mark Harris (DR), from December 2, 1822▌ 3 Mark L. Hill (DR)▌ 4 William D. Williamson (DR)▌ 5 Ebenezer Herrick (DR)▌ 6 Joshua Cushman (DR)▌ 7 Enoch Lincoln (DR)The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
▌ 1 Raphael Neale (F)▌ 2 Joseph Kent (DR)▌ 3 Henry R. Warfield (F)▌ 4 John Nelson (DR)▌ 5 Peter Little (DR)▌ 5 Samuel Smith (DR), until December 17, 1822
▌ Isaac McKim (DR), from January 4, 1823▌ 6 Jeremiah Cosden (DR), until March 19, 1822
▌ Philip Reed (DR), from March 19, 1822▌ 7 Robert Wright (DR)▌ 8 Thomas Bayly (F)▌ 1 Benjamin Gorham (DR)▌ 2 Gideon Barstow (DR)▌ 3 Jeremiah Nelson (F)▌ 4 Timothy Fuller (DR)▌ 5 Samuel Lathrop (F)▌ 6 Samuel C. Allen (F)▌ 7 Henry W. Dwight (F)▌ 8 Aaron Hobart (DR)▌ 9 John Reed Jr. (F)▌ 10 Francis Baylies (F)▌ 11 Jonathan Russell (DR)▌ 12 Lewis Bigelow (F)▌ 13 William Eustis (DR)▌ At-large Christopher Rankin (DR)▌ At-large John Scott (DR), from August 10, 1821 (newly admitted state)All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large Josiah Butler (DR)▌ At-large Matthew Harvey (DR)▌ At-large Aaron Matson (DR)▌ At-large William Plumer Jr. (DR)▌ At-large Nathaniel Upham (DR)▌ At-large Thomas Whipple Jr. (DR)All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large Ephraim Bateman (DR)▌ At-large George Cassedy (DR)▌ At-large Lewis Condict (DR)▌ At-large George Holcombe (DR)▌ At-large James Matlack (DR)▌ At-large Samuel Swan (DR)There were five plural districts: the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th & 20th each had two representatives.
▌ 1 Cadwallader D. Colden (F), from December 12, 1821▌ 1 Silas Wood (F)▌ 2 Churchill C. Cambreleng (DR)▌ 2 John J. Morgan (DR)▌ 3 Jeremiah H. Pierson (DR)▌ 4 William W. Van Wyck (DR)▌ 5 Walter Patterson (F)▌ 6 Selah Tuthill (DR), until September 7, 1821[ a] ▌ Charles Borland Jr. (DR), from December 3, 1821▌ 7 Charles H. Ruggles (F)▌ 8 Richard McCarty (DR)▌ 9 Solomon Van Rensselaer (F), until January 14, 1822
▌ Stephen Van Rensselaer (F), from March 12, 1822▌ 10 John D. Dickinson (F)▌ 11 John W. Taylor (DR)▌ 12 Nathaniel Pitcher (DR)▌ 12 Reuben H. Walworth (DR)▌ 13 John Gebhard (DR)▌ 14 Alfred Conkling (DR)▌ 15 Samuel Campbell (DR)▌ 15 James Hawkes (DR)▌ 16 Joseph Kirkland (F)▌ 17 Thomas H. Hubbard (DR)▌ 18 Micah Sterling (F)▌ 19 Elisha Litchfield (DR)▌ 20 William B. Rochester (DR)▌ 20 David Woodcock (DR)▌ 21 Elijah Spencer (DR)▌ 22 Albert H. Tracy (DR)
▌ 1 Lemuel Sawyer (DR)▌ 2 Hutchins G. Burton (DR)▌ 3 Thomas H. Hall (DR)▌ 4 William S. Blackledge (DR)▌ 5 Charles Hooks (DR)▌ 6 Weldon N. Edwards (DR)▌ 7 Archibald McNeill (F)▌ 8 Josiah Crudup (DR)▌ 9 Romulus M. Saunders (DR)▌ 10 John Long (DR)▌ 11 Henry W. Connor (DR)▌ 12 Felix Walker (DR)▌ 13 Lewis Williams (DR)▌ 1 Thomas R. Ross (DR)▌ 2 John W. Campbell (DR)▌ 3 Levi Barber (DR)▌ 4 David Chambers (DR), from October 9, 1821▌ 5 Joseph Vance (DR)▌ 6 John Sloane (DR)There were six plural districts: the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, and the 1st had four representatives.
▌ 1 Samuel Edwards (F)▌ 1 Joseph Hemphill (F)▌ 1 William Milnor (F), until May 8, 1822
▌ Thomas Forrest (F), from October 8, 1822▌ 1 John Sergeant (F)▌ 2 William Darlington (DR)▌ 2 Samuel Gross (DR)▌ 3 James Buchanan (F)▌ 3 John Phillips (F)▌ 4 James S. Mitchell (DR)▌ 5 John Findlay (DR), from October 9, 1821▌ 5 James McSherry (F)▌ 6 Samuel Moore (DR), until May 20, 1822
▌ Samuel D. Ingham (DR), from October 8, 1822▌ 6 Thomas J. Rogers (DR)▌ 7 Ludwig Worman (F), until October 17, 1822
▌ Daniel Udree (DR), from October 17, 1822▌ 8 John Tod (DR)▌ 9 John Brown (DR)▌ 10 George Denison (DR)▌ 10 Thomas Murray Jr. (DR), from October 9, 1821▌ 11 George Plumer (DR)▌ 12 Thomas Patterson (DR)▌ 13 Andrew Stewart (DR)▌ 14 Henry Baldwin (DR), until May 8, 1822
▌ Walter Forward (DR), from October 8, 1822▌ 15 Patrick Farrelly (DR)Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket .
▌ At-large Job Durfee (DR)▌ At-large Samuel Eddy (DR)▌ 1 Joel R. Poinsett (DR)▌ 2 William Lowndes (DR), until May 8, 1822
▌ James Hamilton Jr. (DR), from December 13, 1822▌ 3 Thomas R. Mitchell (DR)▌ 4 James Overstreet (DR), until May 24, 1822
▌ Andrew R. Govan (DR), from December 4, 1822▌ 5 Starling Tucker (DR)▌ 6 George McDuffie (DR)▌ 7 John Wilson (DR)▌ 8 Joseph Gist (DR)▌ 9 James Blair (DR), until May 8, 1822
▌ John Carter (DR), from December 11, 1822▌ 1 John Rhea (DR)▌ 2 John Cocke (DR)▌ 3 Francis Jones (DR)▌ 4 Robert Allen (DR)▌ 5 Newton Cannon (DR)6 ▌ 1 Rollin C. Mallary (DR)▌ 2 Phineas White (DR)▌ 3 Charles Rich (DR)▌ 4 Elias Keyes (DR)▌ 5 Samuel C. Crafts (DR)▌ 6 John Mattocks (DR)▌ 1 Edward B. Jackson (DR)▌ 2 Thomas Van Swearingen (F), until August 19, 1822
▌ James Stephenson (F), from October 28, 1822▌ 3 Jared Williams (DR)▌ 4 William McCoy (DR)▌ 5 John Floyd (DR)▌ 6 Alexander Smyth (DR)▌ 7 William Smith (DR)▌ 8 Charles F. Mercer (F)▌ 9 William Lee Ball (DR)▌ 10 Thomas L. Moore (DR)▌ 11 Philip P. Barbour (DR)▌ 12 Robert S. Garnett (DR)▌ 13 Burwell Bassett (DR)▌ 14 Jabez Leftwich (DR)▌ 15 George Tucker (DR)▌ 16 John Randolph (DR)▌ 17 William S. Archer (DR)▌ 18 Mark Alexander (DR)▌ 19 James Jones (DR)▌ 20 Arthur Smith (DR)▌ 21 Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)▌ 22 Hugh Nelson (DR), until January 14, 1823, vacant thereafter▌ 23 Andrew Stevenson (DR)
Non-voting members
Arkansas Territory James W. Bates Florida Territory Joseph M. Hernández , from September 30, 1822Michigan Territory Solomon Sibley Missouri Territory
Speaker of the HousePhilip P. Barbour
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
Replacements: 5
Deaths: 2
Resignations: 6
Seats of newly admitted states: 2
Vacancies: 3
Total seats with changes: 12
Senate changes
State
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation[ b]
Tennessee Vacant
Legislature failed to re-elect John Eaton (DR). Late election held.
John Eaton (DR)
Elected September 27, 1821
Pennsylvania Vacant
Seat remained vacant at end of previous Congress
William Findlay (DR)
Elected December 10, 1821
Delaware Vacant
Seat remained vacant at end of previous Congress
Caesar A. Rodney (DR)
Elected January 24, 1822
Georgia Freeman Walker (DR)
Resigned August 6, 1821
Nicholas Ware (DR)
Elected November 10, 1821
Missouri New seats
Missouri was admitted to the Union.
Thomas Hart Benton (DR)
Elected August 10, 1821
Missouri David Barton (DR)
Elected August 10, 1821
Ohio William A. Trimble (DR)
Died December 13, 1821
Ethan Allen Brown (DR)
Elected January 3, 1822
Maryland William Pinkney (DR)
Died February 25, 1822
Samuel Smith (DR)
Elected December 17, 1822
Massachusetts Harrison Gray Otis (F)
Resigned May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston
James Lloyd (F)
Elected June 5, 1822
Alabama John W. Walker (DR)
Resigned December 12, 1822, due to failing health
William Kelly (DR)
Elected December 12, 1822
Virginia James Pleasants (DR)
Resigned December 15, 1822, after being elected Governor of Virginia
John Taylor (DR)
Elected December 18, 1822
Delaware Caesar A. Rodney (DR)
Resigned January 29, 1823, to accept a diplomatic appointment
Vacant
Not filled in this Congress
House of Representatives
Replacements: 13
Deaths: 5
Resignations: 15
Contested election: 2
Seats of newly admitted states: 1
Total seats with changes: 23
House changes
District
Vacated by
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's formal installation[ b]
Tennessee Vacant
Rep. Henry Hunter Bryan was re-elected but did not take his seat
Vacant
Ohio Vacant
Rep.-elect John C. Wright resigned his seat in the next Congress on March 3, 1821
David Chambers (DR)
Seated December 3, 1821
Pennsylvania Vacant
Rep.-elect James Duncan resigned before Congress met
John Findlay (DR)
Seated December 12, 1821
Pennsylvania Vacant
Rep.-elect William Cox Ellis resigned before Congress met
Thomas Murray Jr. (DR)
Seated December 12, 1821
New York Vacant
Credentials for Peter Sharpe were issued by the Secretary of State of New York , but Sharpe never claimed or took the seat, Sharpe's election was contested by Colden, see United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1821
Cadwallader D. Colden (F)
Seated December 12, 1821
Kentucky George Robertson (DR)
resigned before Congress met
John S. Smith (DR)
Seated December 3, 1821
Missouri Territory Vacant
Missouri was admitted to the Union on August 10, 1821
John Scott (DR)
Seated December 3, 1821
Missouri
New York Vacant
Selah Tuthill (DR) was elected after the Congress term had already begun, and died on September 7, 1821, before Congress met. It is uncertain whether credentials were ever issued for Tuthill.
Charles Borland Jr. (DR)
Seated December 3, 1821
Kentucky Wingfield Bullock (DR)
Died October 13, 1821, before Congress met
James D. Breckinridge (DR)
Seated January 2, 1822
New York Solomon Van Rensselaer (F)
Resigned January 14, 1822, upon appointment as Postmaster of Albany
Stephen Van Rensselaer (F)
Seated March 12, 1822
Delaware Caesar A. Rodney (DR)
Resigned on January 24, 1822, after being elected to the US Senate
Daniel Rodney (F)
Seated December 2, 1822
Maryland Jeremiah Cosden (DR)
Cosden's election was contested by Reed
Philip Reed (DR)
Seated March 19, 1822
Pennsylvania William Milnor (F)
Resigned on May 8, 1822, to run for Mayor of Philadelphia
Thomas Forrest (F)
Seated December 2, 1822
Pennsylvania Henry Baldwin (DR)
Resigned on May 8, 1822
Walter Forward (DR)
Seated December 2, 1822
South Carolina James Blair (DR)
Resigned on May 8, 1822
John Carter (DR)
Seated December 11, 1822
South Carolina William Lowndes (DR)
Resigned on May 8, 1822
James Hamilton Jr. (DR)
Seated January 6, 1823
Pennsylvania Samuel Moore (DR)
Resigned on May 20, 1822
Samuel D. Ingham (DR)
Seated December 2, 1822
South Carolina James Overstreet (DR)
Died May 24, 1822
Andrew R. Govan (DR)
Seated December 4, 1822
Maine Ezekiel Whitman (F)
Resigned on June 1, 1822, after becoming a judge of a Court of Common Pleas in Maine
Mark Harris (DR)
Seated December 2, 1822
Indiana William Hendricks (DR)
Resigned on July 25, 1822, after his election as Governor of Indiana
Jonathan Jennings (DR)
Seated December 2, 1822
Virginia Thomas Van Swearingen (F)
Died on August 19, 1822
James Stephenson (F)
Seated December 2, 1822
Florida Territory Vacant
Florida Territory was organized on March 30, 1822
Joseph M. Hernández
Seated January 3, 1823
Pennsylvania Ludwig Worman (F)
Died October 17, 1822
Daniel Udree (DR)
Seated December 23, 1822
Maryland Samuel Smith (DR)
Resigned on December 17, 1822, after his election to the US Senate
Isaac McKim (DR)
Seated January 8, 1823
Virginia Hugh Nelson (DR)
Resigned on January 14, 1823, upon appointment as Minister to Spain
Vacant
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
House of Representatives
Joint committees
Employees
Senate
House of Representatives
See also
Notes
^ Selah Tuthill (DR) was elected in New York's 6th district
^ a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
References
^ Letter: Erskine College, [Due West, South Carolina], to John K. Gaillard, Double Branches, Anderson District, [South Carolina] by W. A. Thomson, 1849
^ "President James Monroe, 1821" . Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2009 .^ "EATON, John Henry, (1790-1856)" . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress . Retrieved June 9, 2015 .
Bibliography
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts . New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
