1863 Manila earthquake

1863 Manila earthquake
Local date	June 3, 1863
Local time	19:30 PST
Duration	30 seconds
Magnitude	7.4 Ms; 6.5 Mw
Epicenter	14°33′N 120°54′E / 14.55°N 120.9°E
Fault	Manila trench[citation needed]
Areas affected	Manila Bay
Max. intensity	PEIS IX (Devastating); MMI XI (Extreme)
Tsunami	Yes
Landslides	Yes
Foreshocks	Mw4.9 Mw4.5
Aftershocks	822 (83 felt) including Mw5.1 aftershock
Casualties	1,000 dead, 200+ injured

The 1863 Manila earthquake struck the Philippines on June 3, 1863.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Overview

The Manila earthquake on June 3, 1863, destroyed Manila Cathedral, the Ayuntamiento (city hall), the Governor's Palace (all three located at the time on Plaza Mayor, now Plaza de Roma) and much of the city. The residence of the governor-general was moved to Malacañang Palace located about 3 km (1.9 miles) up the Pasig River, while the other two buildings were rebuilt in place. The fatality count reached 1,000.^[2]

Epicenter and effects

The earthquake was described as disastrous, comparable with that of in 1645. Laid in ruins the cathedral and nearly all the other churches, except San Agustin, the palace of the Governor-General, the Audiencia, the barracks, warehouses, etc.; all in all, 46 public buildings in ruins and 25 others badly damaged. Of private houses 570 were destroyed, 531 were left tottering. Total, 1,172 buildings were in ruins or badly damaged. The number of victims was appalling, estimated that in Manila and the surrounding towns alone the number of killed reached 400 and the number of injured reached 2,000. The catastrophe likewise involved many towns in the District of Morong and the provinces of Manila, Laguna, and Cavite, where it destroyed churches and a great number of houses.

References

^ "Tokuji Utsu (宇津徳治)". iisee.kenken.go.jp (in Japanese).
^ ^a ^b Davis, Lee (2008). Natural Disasters (New ed.). Facts on File. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-8160-7000-8.
^ Gealogo, Francis A. (2016). "Historical Seismology and the Documentation of Postdisaster Conditions: The 1863 and 1880 Luzon Earthquakes". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 64 (3–4): 359–384. doi:10.1353/phs.2016.0033. JSTOR 26621935. S2CID 151885877.
^ "History of Disasters in Some Places in Philippines". Retrieved July 20, 2021 – via Scribd.
^ Blanco, John D. (2009). Frontier Constitutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94369-8.
^ Kozák, Jan; Musson, Roger M. W. (2020). The Illustrated History of the Elements: Earth, Water, Air, Fire. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-21426-5.

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[1] "Tokuji Utsu (宇津徳治)". iisee.kenken.go.jp (in Japanese).

[Davis-2] Davis, Lee (2008). Natural Disasters (New ed.). Facts on File. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-0-8160-7000-8.

[3] Gealogo, Francis A. (2016). "Historical Seismology and the Documentation of Postdisaster Conditions: The 1863 and 1880 Luzon Earthquakes". Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints. 64 (3–4): 359–384. doi:10.1353/phs.2016.0033. JSTOR 26621935. S2CID 151885877.

[4] "History of Disasters in Some Places in Philippines". Retrieved July 20, 2021 – via Scribd.

[5] Blanco, John D. (2009). Frontier Constitutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94369-8.

[6] Kozák, Jan; Musson, Roger M. W. (2020). The Illustrated History of the Elements: Earth, Water, Air, Fire. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-21426-5.

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1863 Manila earthquake

Overview

Epicenter and effects

See also

References