1978 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised faeces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 1978.

Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

A paleoanthropological team led by Mary Leakey found 3.5 million year old human footprints.
Baby hadrosaurs were discovered in the Two Medicine Formation.^[2]

Cnidarians

Maurits Lindström, described the earliest known octocoral in Sweden shifting the first known appearance from the Cretaceous to the Ordovician.^[3]

Arthropods

Newly named crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Aenigmacaris^[4]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	An aeschronectid, type species is A. cornigerum	Aenigmacaris
Bairdops beargulchensis^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	An early mantis shrimp
Dithyrocaris rolfei^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	A phyllocarid
Perimecturus rapax^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	An early mantis shrimp	Perimecturus rapax
Sairocaris centurion^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	A sairocaridid

Fish

Newly named Ray-finned fish

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Eohiodon woodruffi^[5]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Wilson	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	United States Washington	A mooneye, Moved to Hiodon woodruffi in 2008^[6]	Hiodon woodruffi

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[7]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
"Amtosaurus"^[8]	Gen nov	Nomen dubium.	Kurzanov		Tumanova
"Coloradia"^[9]	Gen et sp nov	jr homonym	Bonaparte				Preoccupied by Blake 1863. Renamed Coloradisaurus.
Lesothosaurus^[10]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Galton	Early Jurassic		Lesotho	Possible junior synonym of Fabrosaurus.	Lesothosaurus
Micropachycephalosaurus^[11]	Gen nov	Valid	Dong			China	A pachycephalosaur.	Micropachycephalosaurus
Ohmdenosaurus^[12]		Valid	Wild			Germany
"Roccosaurus"^[13]		Nomen nudum.	van Heerden vide: Anderson & Cruickshank				Junior synonym of Melanorosaurus.
Saurornitholestes^[14]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Sues	Campanian	Judith River Formation	Canada ( Alberta	A North Polar Dromaeosaur.	Saurornitholestes
Yangchuanosaurus^[15]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhiming, Chang, Li, & Zhou			China	A carnosaur	Yangchuanosaurus

General research

Peter M. Galton published a paper on Fabrosauridae, including redescribing Fabrosaurus, Echinodon and Nanosaurus along with naming Lesothosaurus.^[10]

Birds

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aldabranas cabri ^[16]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Late Pleistocene	Aldabra Atoll	Seychelles	An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Anser eldaricus ^[17]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Nikolaj I. Burchak-Abramovich D. V. Gadzyev	Pliocene	Late Sarmantian	Soviet Union (Now Azerbaijan)	An Anatidae.
Apus baranensis ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Pliocene	MN 16a; MN 17	Hungary Bulgaria	An Apodidae.
Chaetura baconica ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Miocene	MN 11-12	Hungary	An Apodidae.
"Gallus" europaeus ^[19]	Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Colin J. O. Harrison	Middle Pleistocene	MQ 2A	UK	A Phasianidae.The taxonomic status of this species should be reevaluated. There is no evidence, that it belongs to the genus Gallus Brisson.
Gavia brodkorbi ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hildegarde Howard	Late Miocene	Monterey Formation	USA ( California)	A Gaviidae.
Mergus miscellus ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Rafael Alvarez Storrs L. Olson	Late Miocene	Calvert Formation	USA( Virginia and Maryland)	An Anatidae.
"Milvus" brachypterus ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Early Pleistocene	MQ 1b	Hungary	An Apodidae Incertae Sedis.
Morus magnus ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hildegarde Howard	Late Miocene	Monterey Formation	USA ( California)	A Sulidae.
Phalacrocorax anatolicus ^[22]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Middle Miocene	Helvetian	Turkey	A Phalacrocoracidae, transferred to the genus Nectornis Cheneval, 1984 by Mlíkovský, 1998.^[23]
Pterodroma kurodai ^[16]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Pleistocene	Aldabra Atoll	Seychelles	A Procellariidae.
Puffinus barnesi ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hildegarde Howard	Late Miocene	Monterey Formation	USA ( California)	A Procellariidae.
Recurvirostra sanctaneboulae ^[24]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	MP 18	France	A Recurvirostridae, most unlikely it is a Recurvirostra or even a Recurvirostridae.
Surnia robusta ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Pliocene; Early Pleistocene	MN 16, MN 18; MQ 1b	Hungary	A Strigidae.

Pterosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Location	Notes
Geosternbergia	Valid	Miller	USA ( South Dakota)	Geosternbergia
Peteinosaurus	Valid	Wild	Italy
Campylognathoides Indicus^[25]	Nomen Dubium		India

Popular culture

Dinosaur Planet by Anne McAffrey was published. This novel was about a planet called Ireta that was populated by dinosaurs transplanted there by aliens attempting to preserve Earth's Mesozoic biosphere. Paleontologist William A. S. Sarjeant has praised the intelligent pterosaurs descended from Quetzalcoatlus in the novel as plausible.^[26]

References

^ Newman, Garfield; et al. (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-07-088739-8.
^ Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.
^ Bergström, Stig M.; Bergström, Jan; Kumpulainen, Risto; Ormö, Jens; Sturkell, Erik (2007). "Maurits Lindström – A renaissance geoscientist". GFF. 129 (2): 65–70. doi:10.1080/11035890701292065. S2CID 140593975.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Schram, Frederick R.; Horner, John (1978). "Crustacea of the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Central Montana". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (2): 394–406. ISSN 0022-3360.
^ Wilson, M. (1978). "Eohiodon woodruffi n. sp.(Teleostei, Hiodontidae), from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic, Washington". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 15 (5): 679–686. doi:10.1139/e78-075.
^ Hilton, E. J.; Grande, L. (2008). "Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295: 221–251. doi:10.1144/sp295.13. S2CID 128680041.
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Kurzanov, S.M. and T.A. Tumanova. 1978. On the structure of the endocranium in some anylosaurs from Mongolia [in Russian]. Paleontol. Zh. 1978: pp. 90-96.
^ Bonaparte, J.F. 1978. Coloradia brevis n. gen. et. n. sp. (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), dinosaurio Plateosauridae de la Formacion Los Colorados Triasico superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 15: pp. 327-332.
^ ^a ^b Galton, P.M. (1978). "Fabrosauridae, the basal family of ornithischian dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithopoda)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 52 (1–2): 138–159. doi:10.1007/BF03006735. S2CID 84613826.
^ Dong, Z. 1978. A new genus of Pachycephalosauria from Laiyang, Shantung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 16: pp. 225-228.
^ Wild, R. 1978. Ein Sauropoden-Rest (Reptilia, Saurischia) aus dem Posidonienschiefer (Lias, Toarcium) von Holzmaden. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paleontologie) 41: pp. 1-15.
^ van Heerden vide Anderson, J. M., and A.R.I. Cruickshank. 1978. The biostratigraphy of the Permian and the Triassic. Part 5. A review of the classification and distribution of Permo-Triassic tetrapods. Palaeontographica Africana 21: pp. 15-44.
^ Sues, H -D. 1978. A new small theropod dinosaur from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London 62: pp. 381-400.
^ Dong, Z., Y. Chang, X. Li, and S. Zhou. 1978. Note on a new carnosaur (Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Jurassic of Yangchuan District, Szechuan Province. Kexue Tongbao 23: pp. 298-302.
^ ^a ^b Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1978). "Pleistocene Bird Remains from Aldabra Atoll Indian Ocean". Journal of Natural History. 12 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/00222937800770021a.
^ Nikolaj I. Burchak-Abramovich & D. V. Gadzyev (1978). "Anser eldaricus sp. nova from Upper Sarmatian Hipparion Fauna of Eldar". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 23: 67–78.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dénes Jánossy (1978). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. III. Strigiformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes". Aquila. 84: 9–36.
^ Colin J. O. Harrison (1978). "A New Jungle-Fowl from the Pleistocene of Europe". Journal of Archaeological Science. 290 (4): 1–26. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(78)90056-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hildegarde Howard (1978). "Late Miocene Marine Birds from Orange County, California" (PDF). Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science. 290: 1–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
^ Rafael Alvarez & Storrs L. Olson (1978). "A New Merganser from the Miocene of Virginia (Aves: Anatidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 91 (2): 522–532.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1978). "Oiseaux. Pg. 52-54 In: Jean Claude Paicheler, France de Broin, Jean Gaudant, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Jean Claude Rage & Colette Vergnoud-Crazzini, 1978: Le Basin Lacustre Miocène de Bes-Konak (Anatolie-Turquie): Gélogie et Introduction à la Paléontologie des Vertébrés". Géobios. 11 (1): 43–65. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(78)80018-7.
^ Jirí Mlíkovský (1978). "Early Miocene Birds of Břešt'any, Czech Republic" (PDF). Casopis Narodniho Muzea, Rada Prirodovedna. 167: 99–101. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
^ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1978). "La Poche à Phosphate de Ste. Neboule (Lot) et sa Faune de Vertébrès du Ludien Supérieur. 6. Oiseaux". Palaeovertebrata. 8: 217–229.
^ Jain, S. L. (1974). "Jurassic pterosaur from India". Geological Society of India. 15 (3): 330–335. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
^ Sarjeant, W. A. S., 2001, Dinosaurs in fiction: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 504-529.

[1] Newman, Garfield; et al. (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-07-088739-8.

[twoturn-2] Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.

[3] Bergström, Stig M.; Bergström, Jan; Kumpulainen, Risto; Ormö, Jens; Sturkell, Erik (2007). "Maurits Lindström – A renaissance geoscientist". GFF. 129 (2): 65–70. doi:10.1080/11035890701292065. S2CID 140593975.

[:0-4] Schram, Frederick R.; Horner, John (1978). "Crustacea of the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Central Montana". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (2): 394–406. ISSN 0022-3360.

[Ewoodruffi1978-5] Wilson, M. (1978). "Eohiodon woodruffi n. sp.(Teleostei, Hiodontidae), from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic, Washington". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 15 (5): 679–686. doi:10.1139/e78-075.

[Eohiodon2008-6] Hilton, E. J.; Grande, L. (2008). "Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295: 221–251. doi:10.1144/sp295.13. S2CID 128680041.

[ddinogeorge-7] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[8] Kurzanov, S.M. and T.A. Tumanova. 1978. On the structure of the endocranium in some anylosaurs from Mongolia [in Russian]. Paleontol. Zh. 1978: pp. 90-96.

[9] Bonaparte, J.F. 1978. Coloradia brevis n. gen. et. n. sp. (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), dinosaurio Plateosauridae de la Formacion Los Colorados Triasico superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 15: pp. 327-332.

[galton1978-10] Galton, P.M. (1978). "Fabrosauridae, the basal family of ornithischian dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithopoda)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 52 (1–2): 138–159. doi:10.1007/BF03006735. S2CID 84613826.

[11] Dong, Z. 1978. A new genus of Pachycephalosauria from Laiyang, Shantung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 16: pp. 225-228.

[12] Wild, R. 1978. Ein Sauropoden-Rest (Reptilia, Saurischia) aus dem Posidonienschiefer (Lias, Toarcium) von Holzmaden. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paleontologie) 41: pp. 1-15.

[13] van Heerden vide Anderson, J. M., and A.R.I. Cruickshank. 1978. The biostratigraphy of the Permian and the Triassic. Part 5. A review of the classification and distribution of Permo-Triassic tetrapods. Palaeontographica Africana 21: pp. 15-44.

[14] Sues, H -D. 1978. A new small theropod dinosaur from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London 62: pp. 381-400.

[15] Dong, Z., Y. Chang, X. Li, and S. Zhou. 1978. Note on a new carnosaur (Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Jurassic of Yangchuan District, Szechuan Province. Kexue Tongbao 23: pp. 298-302.

[HarrisonWalker1978-16] Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1978). "Pleistocene Bird Remains from Aldabra Atoll Indian Ocean". Journal of Natural History. 12 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/00222937800770021a.

[Anser-17] Nikolaj I. Burchak-Abramovich & D. V. Gadzyev (1978). "Anser eldaricus sp. nova from Upper Sarmatian Hipparion Fauna of Eldar". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 23: 67–78.

[Janossy1978-18] Dénes Jánossy (1978). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. III. Strigiformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes". Aquila. 84: 9–36.

[Gallus-19] Colin J. O. Harrison (1978). "A New Jungle-Fowl from the Pleistocene of Europe". Journal of Archaeological Science. 290 (4): 1–26. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(78)90056-0.

[Howard1978-20] Hildegarde Howard (1978). "Late Miocene Marine Birds from Orange County, California" (PDF). Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science. 290: 1–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.

[Mergus-21] Rafael Alvarez & Storrs L. Olson (1978). "A New Merganser from the Miocene of Virginia (Aves: Anatidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 91 (2): 522–532.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Phalacrocorax-22] Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1978). "Oiseaux. Pg. 52-54 In: Jean Claude Paicheler, France de Broin, Jean Gaudant, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Jean Claude Rage & Colette Vergnoud-Crazzini, 1978: Le Basin Lacustre Miocène de Bes-Konak (Anatolie-Turquie): Gélogie et Introduction à la Paléontologie des Vertébrés". Géobios. 11 (1): 43–65. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(78)80018-7.

[Nectornis-23] Jirí Mlíkovský (1978). "Early Miocene Birds of Břešt'any, Czech Republic" (PDF). Casopis Narodniho Muzea, Rada Prirodovedna. 167: 99–101. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.

[Recurvirostra-24] Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1978). "La Poche à Phosphate de Ste. Neboule (Lot) et sa Faune de Vertébrès du Ludien Supérieur. 6. Oiseaux". Palaeovertebrata. 8: 217–229.

[Ptero-25] Jain, S. L. (1974). "Jurassic pterosaur from India". Geological Society of India. 15 (3): 330–335. Retrieved 15 June 2023.

[sarjeant-fic-26] Sarjeant, W. A. S., 2001, Dinosaurs in fiction: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 504-529.

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