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2023 Serbian election protests

2023 Serbian election protests
Part of 2023 Serbian parliamentary election and 2023 Belgrade City Assembly election
Demonstrators outside the building of the City Assembly of Belgrade
Demonstrators on 24 December 2023
Date18–30 December 2023 (1 week and 5 days)
Location
Belgrade, Serbia
Caused bySuspected electoral fraud in the 2023 parliamentary and Belgrade City Assembly elections
GoalsAnnulment of the results of the 2023 elections
Methods
Resulted in
Parties

Anti-government protesters

  • Citizens

Opposition organisations

Lead figures
Casualties
Injuries7 police officers severely injured
Arrested38 protesters arrested

On 18 December 2023, a series of mass protests began in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, after the parliamentary and Belgrade City Assembly elections on 17 December. The protests were organised by the opposition Serbia Against Violence (SPN) coalition, the Students Against Violence (later Struggle) youth organisation, and the ProGlas initiative.

According to monitoring and non-governmental organisations, such as CeSID, CRTA, and the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, the election day was marked with electoral fraud, with irregularities such as vote buying, ballot-box stuffing, Bulgarian train, and group voting occurring. The ruling Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) denied all the allegations. In Belgrade, the election also resulted in a hung parliament, considering that no side had a majority to form a government. During the protests, the organisers called for the annulment of the results. Seven representatives of the SPN were also on hunger strike during the protests, with Marinika Tepić being the longest one, totaling 13 days. On 24 December, a riot broke out after an unsuccessful attempt by opposition councillors to enter the building of the City Assembly of Belgrade.

The protests lasted until 30 December; at that point, all seven representatives of the SPN ended their hunger strike. Two minor protests were also held in January 2024. The protests received criticism from the government and Russia, either comparing the protests to Euromaidan or alleging that Western powers supported the protests. After the protests, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the 17 December elections, calling for an international investigation due to the fraud, while the City Assembly of Belgrade failed to constitute and a new election was organised for 2 June 2024. The opposition lost, while the ruling SNS regained its majority in the body.

Background

Further information: 2023 Serbian protests, 2023 Serbian parliamentary election, and 2023 Belgrade City Assembly election

A populist coalition led by the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) came to power after the 2012 parliamentary election, along with the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS).[1][2] In May 2023, a school shooting occurred in the Vračar municipality of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, and a mass murder occurred in the villages of Dubona, Mladenovac and Malo Orašje, Smederevo.[3][4] Mass protests, named Serbia Against Violence, began shortly after the shootings.[5][6] These protests lasted until November 2023.[7]

Amidst the protests, opposition parties organising the protests formed the Serbia Against Violence (SPN) coalition for the parliamentary, Vojvodina provincial, and Belgrade City Assembly elections, which were scheduled for 17 December 2023.[8][9] The elections on 17 December were marked by electoral fraud, according to reports of those who monitored the elections, including CeSID, CRTA, and Kreni-Promeni organisations.[10][11][12] Among the irregularities reported by domestic and international observers were vote buying and ballot-box stuffing.[10] The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) stated that the electoral campaign was characterised by "harsh rhetoric, bias in the media, pressure on public sector employees, and misuse of public resources".[13] The Belgrade City Assembly election also resulted in a hung parliament due to Branimir Nestorović's We – Voice from the People organisation unexpectedly gaining representation in the body; the government and the opposition neither won a majority.[14][15] SPN won 43 out of 110 seats.[16]

The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) concluded that SNS had a "systematic advantage that created unfair conditions in the elections" and that Aleksandar Vučić, the president of Serbia, heavily dominated the election campaign, despite not being a candidate in it.[17] Stefan Schennach [de], the chief of the delegation of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe that monitored the elections, said that "the elections were not fair" and that "the victory in Belgrade was stolen from the opposition".[18][19] Vučić and SNS denied all electoral fraud allegations.[11] Ana Brnabić, the prime minister of Serbia, accused the opposition and CRTA of "destabilising Serbia and its constitutional order".[20]

Timeline

First week

Smashed windows of the building of the City Assembly of Belgrade with gendarmery inside the building on 24 December 2023
Riots took place outside the City Assembly of Belgrade on 24 December

The first protest was organised by SPN outside of the building of the Republic Electoral Commission (RIK) on 18 December. At the protest, SPN announced that they would reject the Belgrade City Assembly election results, citing irregularities that took place during the election, while they also demanded the annulment of the election results and the "cleaning" (čišćenje) and updating of the voter list.[21] Marinika Tepić and Miroslav Aleksić, the main representatives of SPN, announced that they would go on a hunger strike until their demands were accepted; Aleksić, however, later announced that he would go on a "strict fast" (strogom postu) instead of a hunger strike.[22][23] Tepić continued her hunger strike inside the RIK building.[21] The protest was met with a few incidents; a group of demonstrators that gathered at the protest threw eggs, tomatoes, and toilet papers at the RIK building.[21][22] Miladin Kovačević, the director of the Republic Bureau of Statistics, was also physically attacked by a demonstrator. The police heavily guarded the building during the protest.[22]

Protests continued to be organised by SPN outside the RIK building; they were also joined by the Students Against Violence organisation, which renamed itself Struggle (Borba) amidst the protests.[24][25][26] The second protest was also attended by former rector of the University of Belgrade Ivanka Popović, judge Miodrag Majić, and actors Svetlana Bojković and Dragan Bjelogrlić, all of whom initiated ProGlas during the 2023 election campaign, to boost the turnout of the elections.[24] At the third protest, held on 20 December, SPN expanded their demands by calling for the annulment of all elections held on 17 December.[27] Members of the National Assembly of Serbia Jelena Milošević and Danijela Grujić began their hunger strike at the protest on 21 December.[28] At the same protest, SPN representatives called for the European Union to not accept the results and conduct an international investigation.[29] Besides the protest in Belgrade, there was also a protest in Niš on 22 December.[30] Janko Veselinović and Željko Veselinović also began their hunger strike on 22 December.[31] At the protest a day later, Branko Miljuš and Dušan Nikezić, who were elected to the National Assembly in the 2023 election on behalf of SPN, also began their hunger strike.[32]

According to the Archive of Public Gatherings, which is presided by journalist Aleksandar Gubaš, the protest on 24 December was attended by approximately 7,100 demonstrators; Vučić claimed that only 2,490 demonstrators were present at the protest.[33] The protest was announced by Aleksić two days prior due to the deadline for the annulment of the election results.[34] The protest began again in front of the RIK building, where Tepić, Aleksić, Srđan Milivojević, and Aleksandar Jovanović Ćuta gave their speeches. Aleksić called for the demonstrators to circle the building of the City Assembly of Belgrade while Vladimir Obradović, a member of the Temporary Council of Belgrade, and other councillors would enter the building to give a speech from a balcony inside the building. The building was, however, armed inside with the police and gendarmery, which did not allow Obradović, Aleksić, and Milivojević to enter the building.[35]

A group of demonstrators set off a riot at the protest, and they tried to enter the building violently.[35][36] In response to the attempt to enter the building of the City Assembly of Belgrade, Vučić issued an urgent statement, saying that it was an attempt to overthrow the government.[35][37] Police brutality was seen later in the protest; the police and gendarmery attacked demonstrators and used tear gas, pepper spray, and batons.[38][39][40][41] Out of opposition representatives, Ćuta was hit with tear gas, while Radomir Lazović and Željko Vagić, the president of the Party of Freedom and Justice (SSP) board in the Belgrade municipality of Grocka, were attacked by the gendarmery.[42][43][44] Aleksandar Šapić, the president of the Temporary Council of Belgrade and former mayor of Belgrade, gave a press conference inside the City Assembly building once the protest ended.[35]

Dragan Đilas, the president of SSP, claimed that the rioters were sent by a group of convicted criminal Đorđe Prelić; Đilas also alleged that Šapić had connections to Prelić, though Šapić denied this.[45][46] The head of the Police Administration, Ivica Ivković, accused SPN of being behind the riot.[47] Ivković informed that 38 demonstrators were arrested, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs informed that 7 police officers were injured.[48][49] The Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights alleged that the police disproportionately used coercive means towards the demonstrators.[50] The Higher Court in Belgrade later reported that 7 of the arrested admitted guilt.[51] One of the arrested received a 6-month prison sentence in January 2024.[52]

Second week

Marinika Tepić, with Radomir Lazović and Miroslav Aleksić around her, at the protest on 30 December 2023
Opposition politician Marinika Tepić (pictured at the 30 December protest) was on hunger strike from 18 to 30 December

Roadblocks organised by the Struggle organisation were held in front of the building of the Ministry of Public Administration and Local Self-Government (MDULS) and later in Kneza Miloša Street on 25 December.[53][54] This protest received support from 345 professors and associates from the University of Belgrade and University of Novi Sad, and the Network of Academic Solidarity and Engagement organisation.[55][56] It was noted that while protesting in Knez Miloša Street, a group of demonstrators played football and volleyball on the road, while some also danced kolo.[53] Another protest organised by SPN was held later the same day, in front of the building of RIK.[57] Tepić was unable to attend the protest due to her worsening health situation, caused by the hunger strike.[53] Demonstrators marched towards the Belgrade Police Department during the protest, where they demanded the release of arrested demonstrators.[57] Opposition politicians were not allowed to enter the building.[53] Late in the protest, N1 journalist Mladen Savatović was physically attacked by an unknown man.[58] The attacker was later arrested.[59]

A day later, SPN organised another protest, this time marching towards the building of the Higher Court in Belgrade.[60] Željko Veselinović ended his hunger strike on 27 December and a day later Grujić and Janko Veselinović did the same, all due to their doctor's advice.[61][62] Struggle organised another protest in front of the MDULS building on 27 December, demanding that the voter list should made public.[63][64] The demonstrators later marched through Knez Mihailova Street and to the Faculty of Philosophy.[64] Later that day, SPN organised another protest in front of RIK, then marched towards the building of the Radio Television of Serbia (RTS).[65] This protest was repeated a day later by SPN.[66]

Struggle organised a 24-hour blockade of Kneza Miloša Street, beginning on 29 December. No incidents were reported during the blockade.[67] On 30 December, ProGlas organised another protest, this time at the Terazija Fountain, in front of the Hotel Moskva.[68][69] Alongside the Serbian media, The Independent, a British online newspaper, notably broadcast the protest on its website.[70] The protest was also attended by demonstrators from the Struggle organisation.[71] At the protest, Tepić demanded the annulment of the election results, after which she was driven away to a hospital for treatment, ending her hunger strike.[71][72] On the same day, Milošević and Miljuš also ended their hunger strike.[73][74] According to the Archive of Public Gatherings, about 17,000 demonstrators were present at its height at the 30 December protest.[75]

Despite SPN announcing that the protests would continue regularly after Orthodox Christmas (7 January),[76] SPN has only organised two protests since then, on 16 and 26 January respectively.[77][78]

Reactions

Domestic reactions

Government

Vladimir Dimitrijević, the president of RIK, said that RIK and the Belgrade City Election Commission do not have the right to annul the Belgrade City Assembly elections and that they could instead only annul the results at certain voting stations.[79] MDULS also said that the voter list is up-to-date and declined the claim that "phantom voters" (fantomski glasači)[a] exist.[81] Despite the criticism from the opposition, RTS also claimed that they were covering the protests in their normal fashion.[82]

Commenting on Tepić's hunger strike, Vučić said that "she is free to stop her hunger strike and get back to her duties" (slobodno mogu da prestanu i da se vrate svojim obavezama) and reminded that Tomislav Nikolić's hunger strike in 2011 "did not achieve anything but it only deteriorated his health" (nije postigao ništa, samo što je ugrozio svoje zdravlje).[83] Amidst the 24 December protest, Ivica Dačić, the deputy prime minister and president of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), condemned the riots outside the City Assembly of Belgrade.[84] Šapić said that the election protests "are the beginning of a civil war" (uvod u građanski rat) and compared them to Euromaidan.[85] Brnabić also compared the protests to Euromaidan.[86] The government denied that police brutality took place.[87]

Vučić commented on 27 December that he does not fear the opposition, the protests, or the "fabricated and agreed-upon reports of election observers, which claim that there were massive irregularities" (izmišljenih i dogovorenih izveštaja posmatrača izbora, koji tvrde da su postojale ogromne nepravilnosti). He also said that "[the government] will not let them steal the will of the people" (nećemo im dati da ukradu narodnu volju).[88] He later alleged that the protests hurt the tourism sector.[89]

Opposition

Besides SPN, opposition parties and coalitions such as the National Democratic Alternative (NADA), People's Party, Social Democratic Party, and Dveri expressed their support for rejecting the 2023 election results.[90] Miloš Jovanović, one of the representatives of the NADA coalition, expressed his support for holding new elections and said that citizens have a right to resist and organise peaceful protests.[85][91]

Foreign reactions

The protests were strongly criticised by Russia.[92][93] Dmitry Peskov, the press secretary of Vladimir Putin, accused foreign powers of staging the protests in Belgrade, while Maria Zakharova, the spokesperson of the ministry of foreign affairs of Russia, accused "the West of setting a fire to the already tense enough political situation in Serbia".[94][95] Brnabić thanked the Russian Federal Security Service for providing information to the government of Serbia.[96] After Vučić's meeting with Russian ambassador Alexander Bocan Harchenko on 25 December, Bocan Harchenko said that Vučić informed him that "the incitement to riots came from the West".[97] Sergey Lavrov, the Russian minister of foreign affairs, also claimed that "the West tried to organise an illegal change of government" (Zapad pokušao da organizuje nelegalno preuzimanje vlasti).[98] The New York Times journalist Andrew Higgins saw the involvement of Russia as an attempt to bring Serbia closer to Russia.[99]

The European Union condemned the violence that took place during the protest on 24 December and called for the government to investigate the irregularities that took place during the elections.[100] Matthew Miller, the spokesperson for the United States Department of State, also called on Serbia to investigate the irregularities.[101] Responding to Russia's allegations, Christopher R. Hill, the United States Ambassador to Serbia, said that "no one is inciting a revolution".[102]

Aftermath

Following the protests, the European Parliament held a session on 17 January, during which the 17 December elections in Serbia were discussed. Didier Reynders, the European Commissioner for Justice, condemned the violence that took place during the protests and said that he expects the government of Serbia to implement the recommendations for electoral conditions. Andreas Schieder, who took part in the monitoring mission on 17 December, confirmed that irregularities took place.[103] The European Parliament adopted the resolution regarding the irregularities during the 17 December elections, with 461 in favour, 53 against, and 43 absent. The resolution called for an international investigation of the results, for the European Commission to follow the reports of the Court of Auditors and to immediately start an audit of the funds provided to the Government of Serbia, and that if the government of Serbia does not accept key reforms to electoral conditions, European Union funding for Serbia should get suspended.[104]

ODIHR published its report on the 17 December elections in February 2024, stating that "it is necessary to initiate legislative changes before the next elections through an inclusive consultative process built on a broad political consensus" (neophodno pokrenuti zakonodavne promene pre sledećih izbora kroz inkluzivni konsultativni proces izgrađen na širokom političkom konsenzusu). ODIHR concluded that various irregularities took place, such as vote buying, the Bulgarian train, and group voting.[105]

In Belgrade, the first attempt to constitute the City Assembly occurred on 19 February, but it failed because the quorum was not met, considering that the councillors from the SNS electoral list were not present.[106] The second attempt occurred on 1 March; the quorum was not met again.[107] The third, final, and unsuccessful attempt occurred on 3 March. Considering that the City Assembly did not get constituted, a new election had to be called.[108] Brnabić, who became the president of the National Assembly after the 2023 parliamentary election, called the elections to be held on 2 June.[109] In this election, SNS and SPS took part on a historical joint list, while the SPN remained divided;[110][111] SSP, Serbia Centre, and Together boycotted the elections, while the rest of the SPN parties took part under the We Choose Belgrade (BB) banner.[112][113] The elections proved to be a loss for the opposition; SNS regained its majority back in the City Assembly and BB only won 14 seats.[114][115] While the popular vote of the SPN coalition in the 2023 election was 325,000, BB only secured 89,000 votes in the 2024 election.[114] On the other hand, Kreni-Promeni, which took part in the election for the first time, managed to win more votes and seats than BB.[115] Šapić was re-elected mayor on 24 June.[116]

Notes

  1. ^ Phantom voters are a type of voters that are listed in the voter list but do not reside at the listed location, thus they cannot legally vote in the municipality or the city that is mentioned in the list.[80]

References

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  42. ^ "Ćuta: Nema razilaženja večeras, ovo jedino otpor građana može da reši" [Ćuta: We are not leaving tonight, only the resistance of the citizens can solve this]. N1 (in Serbian). 24 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  43. ^ "Lazović kaže da ga je napala Žandarmerija: Nisu se osvrtali na to što je sam poslanik" [Lazović says that he was attacked by the gendarmery: They didn't look back on the fact that I am a member of parliament]. N1 (in Serbian). 24 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  44. ^ "Policija pretukla predsednika SSP-a Grocka na protestu sinoć: "Oborili su me na zemlju i tukli, slomljena mi je noga"" [The police beat SSP President in Grocka at the protest last night: "They knocked me to the ground and beat me, my leg was broken"]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  45. ^ "Đilas: Nerede izazvali huligani Đorđa Prelića koji su poslati da prave incidente" [Đilas: The riots were caused by Đorđe Prelić's hooligans who were sent to create incidents]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  46. ^ "Šapić demantuje Đilasa u vezi s Prelićem: Od sad ćemo malo drugačije da razgovaramo" [Šapić denies Đilas regarding Prelić: From now on, we will talk a little differently]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  47. ^ "Policija optužila "Srbiju protiv nasilja" da je izazvala nerede: "Pokazali pravo lice i namere"" [Police accused "Serbia Against Violence" of causing riots: "They showed their true colors and intentions"]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  48. ^ "Procesuirano 38 ljudi sa protesta u Beogradu" [38 people from the protest in Belgrade have been processed]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  49. ^ "Sedam policajaca povređeno tokom protesta u Beogradu" [Seven policemen were injured during the protest in Belgrade]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  50. ^ "YUCOM: Nesrazmerna upotreba sile prema građanima na protestu ispred Skupštine grada" [YUCOM: Disproportionate use of force against citizens at the protest in front of the City Assembly]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  51. ^ "Sedmorica priznala krivicu za nerede u Beogradu, kaže tužilaštvo" [Seven pleaded guilty to the riots in Belgrade, the prosecution says]. BBC News (in Serbian). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  52. ^ "VJT: Učesniku protesta 24. decembra uslovna kazna zatvora od šest meseci" [HC: Participant of the December 24th protest received a six-month suspended prison sentence]. N1 (in Serbian). 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
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  54. ^ "Posle blokade Ministarstva državne uprave, studenti blokirali i raskrsnicu kod Vlade; Ministarstvo: Uz Vučića smo" [After blocking the Ministry of State Administration, students also blocked the intersection near the Government; Ministry: We are with Vučić]. Voice of America (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
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  56. ^ "Mreža akademske solidarnosti i angažovanosti podržala studente u protestu" [The Network of Academic Solidarity and Engagement supports the students in the protest]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
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  60. ^ "Održan deveti protest SPN, traži se oslobađanje privedenih studenata i aktivista" [The ninth SPN protest was held, demanding the release of detained students and activists]. N1 (in Serbian). 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
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  62. ^ "Janko Veselinović i Danijela Grujić u bolnici, najavili da prekidaju štrajk glađu na savet lekara" [Janko Veselinović and Danijela Grujić are in the hospital, announcing that they would end their hunger strike due to doctor's advice]. NIN (in Serbian). 28 December 2023. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  63. ^ "Studenti ponovo ispred Ministarstva državne uprave u 11h" [Students again in front of the Ministry of Public Administration at 11 am]. N1 (in Serbian). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  64. ^ a b "U petak 29. decembra blokada od 24 sata, najavljeno "zatrpavanje" Ministarstva" [On Friday, 29 December, there will be a 24-hour blockade, the announced "backfilling" of the ministry]. N1 (in Serbian). 27 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  65. ^ "Završen 10. protest: Opozicija pozvala na skup ProGlasa u subotu" [The 10th protest ended: The opposition called for everyone to join the ProGlas rally on Saturday]. N1 (in Serbian). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  66. ^ ""Slobodni dnevnik" ispred RTS-a u sklopu 11. protesta protiv izbornih nepravilnosti, Tepić nastavlja štrajk glađu" ["Slobodni dnevnik" in front of RTS as part of the 11th protest against election irregularities, Tepić continues her hunger strike]. Voice of America (in Serbian). 28 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
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  68. ^ "Inicijativa "ProGlas" najavila protest za 30. decembar, traži ponavljanje svih izbora" [The "ProGlas" initiative has announced a protest for 30 December, demanding a repeat of all elections]. N1 (in Serbian). 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  69. ^ "Protest ProGlasa kod Terazijske česme" [ProGlas protest near the Terazije fountain]. N1 (in Serbian). 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  70. ^ "Britanski Independent prenosio protest ProGlasa" [The British Independent broadcast the ProGlas protest]. N1 (in Serbian). 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  71. ^ a b "Hiljade ljudi na protestu inicijative ProGlas, poništavanje izbora jedini zahtev" [Thousands of people at the protest of the ProGlas initiative, annulment of the election the only demand]. BBC News (in Serbian). 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
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  74. ^ "Troje opozicionih političara iz Srbije prekinulo štrajk glađu" [Three opposition politicians from Serbia ended their hunger strike]. Al Jazeera Balkans (in Bosnian). 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  75. ^ "Arhiv javnih skupova: 17.000 ljudi bilo na skupu ProGlasa" [Archive of Public Meetings: 17,000 people attended the ProGlas protest]. N1 (in Serbian). 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  76. ^ "Đilas: Marinika Tepić se oporavlja u Novom Sadu, protesti se nastavljaju nakon Božića" [Đilas: Marinika Tepić is recovering in Novi Sad, protests will continue after Christmas]. N1 (in Serbian). 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  77. ^ "Novi protest opozicije u Beogradu: U Crkvi Svetog Marka upaljene sveće za Olivera Ivanovića" [New opposition protest in Belgrade: Candles lit for Oliver Ivanović in St. Mark's Church]. N1 (in Serbian). 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  78. ^ ""Vučić zna da su izbori pokradeni": Protest "Srbije protiv nasilja" završen ispred RTS-a" ["Vučić knows that the elections were stolen": The "Serbia Against Violence" protest ended in front of RTS]. N1 (in Serbian). 26 January 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  79. ^ "RIK ponovio da nije nadležan za poništavanje izbora u Beogradu" [RIK reiterated that it is not competent to annul the elections in Belgrade]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  80. ^ Bulajić, Žana (7 December 2023). "Da li fantomi žive među nama? Ako ih niko nije video ni čuo, zašto ih država zove na glasanje" [Do phantoms live among us? If no one has ever heard about them, why is the country calling them to vote]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  81. ^ "MDULS: Birački spisak ažuran, tvrdnje o "fantomskim biračima" nisu istinite" [MDULS: Voter list up to date, claims about "phantom voters" are not true]. Tanjug (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  82. ^ "RTS: Izveštavamo redovno o svim protestima" [RTS: We regularly report on all protests]. N1 (in Serbian). 28 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  83. ^ "Vučić o štrajku glađu opozicije: Ništa neće postići time kao što nije ni Tomislav Nikolić" [Vučić on the opposition's hunger strike: He won't achieve anything with it, just like Tomislav Nikolić didn't]. N1 (in Serbian). 24 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  84. ^ "Dačić o protestu: Puna podrška organima u merama protiv nasilnika i Vučiću u odbrani slobode" [Dačić on the protest: Full support for the authorities in measures against thugs and for Vučić in defending freedom]. N1 (in Serbian). 24 December 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  85. ^ a b "Treći protest ispred RIK-a, studenti od ponedeljka najavljuju radikalizaciju i blokade" [The third protest in front of the RIK, students have been announcing radicalisation and blockades since Monday]. Voice of America (in Serbian). 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  86. ^ "Dan posle nereda Vučić kod Harčenka, Đilas tvrdi da su navijači upadali u Skupštinu Beograda" [The day after the Vučić riot near Harchenko, Đilas claims that hooligans broke into the Belgrade Assembly]. Voice of America (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  87. ^ Novaković, Ana (25 December 2023). "Da li je primenjena prekomerna sila: Institucije kažu jedno, a snimci i slike nešto drugo" [Was excessive force used: The institutions say one thing, but the recordings and pictures say something else]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  88. ^ "Vučić: Ne plašim se opozicije i protesta" [Vučić: I do not fear the opposition or the protests]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  89. ^ Kuzmanović, Aleksandra (3 January 2024). "Vučić tvrdi "protesti naškodili turizmu", hotelijeri ga demantuju – popunjenost kapaciteta 92 odsto" [Vučić claims that "protests have harmed tourism", hoteliers deny him – capacity occupancy is 92 percent]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  90. ^ Milenković, Mirjana R. (21 December 2023). "Koje stranke opozicije još podržavaju ponavljanje izbora?" [Which opposition parties still support repeating the elections?]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  91. ^ "Jovanović: Građani imaju pravo na otpor i mirne proteste" [Jovanović: Citizens have the right to resistance and peaceful protests]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  92. ^ Martinović, Iva (25 December 2023). "Ruske službe i opozicioni protesti u Srbiji: Podrška Vučiću i optužbe na račun Zapada" [Russian services and opposition protests in Serbia: Support for Vučić and accusations against the West]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
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  94. ^ "Peskov: Treće strane i inostranstvo pokušavaju da izazovu nemire u Beogradu" [Peskov: Third parties and foreign countries are trying to cause unrest in Belgrade]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  95. ^ "Zaharova: Zapad pokušava da potpali već napetu političku situaciju u Srbiji" [Zakharova: The West is trying to inflame the already tense political situation in Serbia]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  96. ^ "Ana Brnabić: Zahvaljujem se ruskim službama bezbednosti" [Ana Brnabić: I would like to thank the Russian security services]. N1 (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  97. ^ "Ruski ambasador Bocan Harčenko: Vučić me informisao da Zapad stoji iza nereda u Beogradu" [Russian Ambassador Bocan Harchenko: Vučić informed me that the West is behind the riots in Belgrade]. Danas (in Serbian). 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  98. ^ "Lavrov: Zapad pokušao da organizuje nelegalno preuzimanje vlasti u Srbiji, vlast drži stvari pod kontrolom" [Lavrov: The West tried to organize an illegal takeover of power in Serbia, the government has things under control]. N1 (in Serbian). 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  99. ^ Higgins, Andrew (25 December 2023). "Russia Sees a Western Hand Behind Serbian Street Protests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  100. ^ "EU navodi da je nasilje na protestima u Srbiji neprihvatljivo" [The EU states that violence at protests in Serbia is unacceptable]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  101. ^ "SAD: Pozivamo Srbiju da istraži navode o neregularnostima na izborima" [USA: We call on Serbia to investigate allegations of irregularities in the elections]. Voice of America (in Serbian). 19 December 2023. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  102. ^ "Hil: Tvrdnje da Zapad podstiče "Majdan" u Srbiji smešne, očajnički potez Rusije da ostane relevantna" [Hill: Claims that the West is encouraging "Maidan" in Serbia are ridiculous, a desperate move by Russia to stay relevant]. N1 (in Serbian). 29 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  103. ^ "Poslanici Evropskog parlamenta o Srbiji: "Namešteni izbori, fantomski birači, potrebna međunarodna istraga"" [Members of the European Parliament on Serbia: "Rigged elections, phantom voters, international investigation needed"]. NIN (in Serbian). 17 January 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  104. ^ Tuhina, Gjeraqina (8 February 2024). "Evropski parlament izglasao rezoluciju o Srbiji kojom poziva na istragu o izborima" [The European Parliament passed a resolution on Serbia calling for an investigation into the elections]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  105. ^ "N1 ekskluzivno: Izveštaj ODIHR o izborima 17. decembra u Srbiji – kampanjom dominirao Vučić" [N1 exclusive: ODIHR report on the 17 December elections in Serbia – Vučić dominated the campaign]. N1 (in Serbian). 27 February 2024. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  106. ^ Gajić, Petar (19 February 2024). "Sednica Skupštine Beograda odložena za 1. mart, opozicija bila u sali s transparentima" [The session of the Belgrade Assembly was postponed to 1 March, the opposition was in the hall with banners]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  107. ^ Tatalović, Žaklina; Sovrlić, Sanja; Nešić, Nenad (1 March 2024). "Konstitutivna sednica Skupštine Beograda ponovo odložena – za 3. mart" [The constitutive session of the Belgrade Assembly is postponed again – to 3 March]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  108. ^ "Skupština Beograda nije formirana, ide se na nove izbore" [The Assembly of Belgrade has not been formed, new elections will be held]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 3 March 2024. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  109. ^ "Raspisani lokalni izbori u Srbiji za 2. jun" [Local elections in Serbia announced for 2 June]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). 26 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  110. ^ "Otkriveno ime liste SNS za beogradske izbore: Vučić dao potpis podrške, Dačić mu rekao da je preterao sa raspisivanjem izbora svake godine" [The name of the SNS list for the Belgrade elections was revealed: Vučić gave his signature of support, Dacić told him that he went too far with announcing elections every year]. Danas (in Serbian). 6 April 2024. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  111. ^ Cvetković, Ljudmila; Glavonjić, Zoran (25 April 2024). "Bojkot ili ne, opozicija podeljena oko beogradskih izbora" [To boycott or not, the opposition is divided over the Belgrade elections]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  112. ^ Kojić, Nikola (19 April 2024). "Nema jedinstvenog stava u SPN o beogradskim izborima: Pet prema četiri za izlazak" [There is no unified position in the SPN on the Belgrade elections: Five to four for participating]. N1 (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  113. ^ Cvetković, Ljudmila (3 June 2024). "Ko izlazi na beogradske izbore?" [Who is participating in the Belgrade elections?]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
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