East Circassian dialect
The Besleney Kabardian dialect (Adyghe: Беслъэнеибзэ, Besłæneibzæ [bejsɬanejəbza]) is one of the East Circassian dialects and usually considered a dialect of Kabardian. However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of Western Circassian.
Phonology
Palatalized velar stops
Like some other Kabardian dialects, the Besleney dialect has a palatalized voiced velar stop [ɡʲ] ⟨гь⟩, a palatalized voiceless velar stop [kʲ] ⟨кь⟩ and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ] ⟨кӏь⟩ that were merged with дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in most Circassian dialects.[1]
- Besleney гь [ɡʲ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in other dialects:
Meaning
|
Besleney
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Kabardian
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
chicken
|
гед
|
ɡʲad
|
чэты
|
t͡ʃatə
|
джэд
|
d͡ʒad
|
cat
|
геду
|
ɡʲadəw
|
чэтыу
|
t͡ʃatəw
|
джэду
|
d͡ʒadəw
|
shirt
|
гянэ
|
ɡʲaːna
|
джанэ
|
dʒaːna
|
джанэ
|
dʒaːna
|
to study to read
|
еген
|
jaɡʲan
|
еджэн
|
jadʒan
|
еджэн
|
jadʒan
|
glass
|
абгь
|
ʔaːbgʲ
|
апч
|
ʔaːpt͡ʃ
|
абдж
|
ʔaːbd͡ʒ
|
game
|
гегу
|
ɡʲagʷ
|
джэгу
|
d͡ʒagʷ
|
джэгу
|
d͡ʒagʷ
|
bitter
|
дыгь
|
dəɡʲ
|
дыджы
|
dəd͡ʒə
|
дыдж
|
dəd͡ʒ
|
sick
|
сымаге
|
səmaːɡʲa
|
сымаджэ
|
səmaːd͡ʒa
|
сымаджэ
|
səmaːd͡ʒa
|
evil
|
бзаге
|
bzaːɡʲa
|
бзаджэ
|
bzaːd͡ʒa
|
бзаджэ
|
bzaːd͡ʒa
|
valley
|
къолаге
|
qʷalaːɡʲa
|
къоладжэ
|
qʷalaːd͡ʒa
|
къуэладжэ
|
qʷalaːd͡ʒa
|
noon
|
щэгегъо
|
ɕaɡʲaːʁʷa
|
щэджагъо
|
ɕad͡ʒaːʁʷa
|
шэджагъуэ
|
ʃad͡ʒaːʁʷa
|
infidel
|
геур
|
ɡʲaːwər
|
джаур
|
d͡ʒaːwər
|
джаур
|
d͡ʒaːwər
|
- Besleney кь [kʲ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning
|
Besleney
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Kabardian
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
throat
|
кий
|
kʲəj
|
чый
|
t͡ʃəj
|
чий
|
t͡ʃəj
|
spleen
|
ке
|
kʲa
|
чэ
|
t͡ʃa
|
чэ
|
t͡ʃa
|
to cough
|
пскен
|
pskʲan
|
псчэн
|
pst͡ʃan
|
псчэн
|
pst͡ʃan
|
- Besleney кӏь [kʲʼ] became кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects:
Meaning
|
Besleney
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Kabardian
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
egg
|
кӏенкӏе
|
kʲʼankʲʼa
|
кӏэнкӏэ
|
t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa
|
кӏэнкӏэ
|
t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa
|
ceiling
|
кӏяфэ
|
kʲʼaːfa
|
кӏашъо
|
t͡ʃʼaːʃʷa
|
кӏафэ
|
t͡ʃʼaːfa
|
rope
|
кӏяпсэ
|
kʲʼaːpsa
|
кӏапсэ
|
t͡ʃʼaːpsa
|
кӏапсэ
|
t͡ʃʼaːpsa
|
gun
|
кӏерахъо
|
kʲʼaraːχʷa
|
кӏэрахъо
|
t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa
|
кӏэрахъуэ
|
t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa
|
long
|
кӏихь
|
kʲʼəħ
|
кӏыхьэ
|
t͡ʃʼəħa
|
кӏыхь
|
t͡ʃʼəħ
|
to kill
|
укӏин
|
wkʲʼən
|
укӏын
|
wt͡ʃʼən
|
укӏын
|
wt͡ʃʼən
|
to move away
|
ӏукӏин
|
ʔʷəkʲʼən
|
ӏукӏын
|
ʔʷət͡ʃʼən
|
ӏукӏын
|
ʔʷət͡ʃʼən
|
key
|
ӏункӏибзэ
|
ʔʷənkʲʼəbza
|
ӏункӏыбзэ
|
ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbza
|
ӏункӏыбз
|
ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbz
|
beard
|
жьакӏе
|
ʑaːkʲʼa
|
жакӏэ
|
ʒaːt͡ʃʼa
|
жьакӏэ
|
ʑaːt͡ʃʼa
|
poor
|
тхьэмыщкӏь
|
tħaməɕkʲʼ
|
тхьамыкӏ
|
tħaːmət͡ʃʼ
|
тхьэмыщкӏэ
|
tħaməɕt͡ʃʼa
|
to be ashamed
|
укӏитэн
|
wəkʲʼətan
|
укӏытэн
|
wət͡ʃʼətan
|
укӏытэн
|
wət͡ʃʼətan
|
Palato-alveolar affricates
The palato-alveolar affricate consonants дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] and the retroflex affricate consonants чъ [ʈʂ] and чӏ [ʈʂʼ] became palato-alveolar дж [d͡ʒ], дж [d͡ʒ], кӏ [t͡ʃʼ], дж [d͡ʒ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in Besleney while in Kabardian they became alveolo-palatal ж [ʒ], ж [ʒ], щӏ [ɕʼ], ж [ʒ] and щӏ [ɕʼ].[2][3]
- Western ч [t͡ʃ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж [ʒ] in Kabardian :
Meaning
|
Besleney
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Kabardian
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
cow
|
джэм
|
d͡ʒam
|
чэм
|
t͡ʃam
|
жэм
|
ʒam
|
spear
|
бджы
|
bd͡ʒə
|
пчы
|
pt͡ʃə
|
бжы
|
bʒə
|
goat
|
бджэн
|
bd͡ʒan
|
пчэн
|
pt͡ʃan
|
бжэн
|
bʒan
|
village
|
джылэ
|
d͡ʒəla
|
чылэ
|
t͡ʃəɮa
|
жылэ
|
ʒəɮa
|
night
|
джэщ
|
d͡ʒam
|
чэщы
|
t͡ʃaɕə
|
жэщ
|
ʒam
|
- Western кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] survived in Besleney and became щӏ [ɕʼ] in Kabardian :
Meaning
|
Besleney
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Kabardian
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
young man
|
кӏалэ
|
t͡ʃʼaːla
|
кӏалэ
|
t͡ʃʼaːɮa
|
щӏалэ
|
ɕʼaːla
|
new
|
кӏэ
|
t͡ʃʼa
|
кӏэ
|
t͡ʃʼa
|
щӏэ
|
ɕʼa
|
guest
|
хьакӏэ
|
ħaːt͡ʃʼa
|
хьакӏэ
|
ħaːt͡ʃʼa
|
хьащӏэ
|
ħaːɕʼa
|
- Western чъ [ʈʂ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж [ʒ] in Kabardian :
Meaning
|
Besleney
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Kabardian
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
tree
|
джыг
|
d͡ʒəɣ
|
чъыгы
|
ʈʂəɣə
|
жыг
|
ʒəɣ
|
to sleep
|
джен
|
d͡ʒajn
|
чъыен
|
ʈʂəjan
|
жейн
|
ʒajn
|
to run
|
джэн
|
d͡ʒan
|
чъэн
|
ʈʂan
|
жэн
|
ʒan
|
to run down
|
еджэхын
|
jad͡ʒaxən
|
ечъэхын
|
jaʈʂaxən
|
ежэхын
|
jaʒaxən
|
goat
|
аджэ
|
aːd͡ʒa
|
ачъэ
|
aːʈʂa
|
ажэ
|
aːʒa
|
door
|
бджэ
|
bd͡ʒa
|
пчъэ
|
pʈʂa
|
бжэ
|
bʒa
|
Others
- Besleney чъ [t͡ʂ] ↔ ш [ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning
|
Besleney sub-dialect
|
Standard Kabardian
|
Standard Adyghe
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
Cyrillic
|
IPA
|
horse
|
чъы
|
t͡ʂə
|
шы
|
ʃə
|
шы
|
ʃə
|
sister
|
чъыпхъу
|
t͡ʂəpχʷ
|
шыпхъу
|
ʃəpχʷ
|
шыпхъу
|
ʃəpχʷ
|
wedding
|
нысачъэ
|
nəsaːt͡ʂa
|
нысашэ
|
nəsaːʃa
|
нысашэ
|
nəsaːʃa
|
See also
References
External links