Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York The Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York is responsible for the general supervision of all educational activities within New York State, presiding over University of the State of New York and the New York State Education Department .
History
The board was established by statute on May 1, 1784. The members were divided into five classes: 1) ex officio members including the Governor of New York , the Lieutenant Governor of New York , the Secretary of State of New York , the New York Attorney General , and the Speaker of the New York State Assembly , the Mayor of New York City , the Mayor of Albany, New York , 2) two people from each of the then twelve existing counties, 3) one representative of each religious denomination in the state, chosen by their congregation, 4) founders of any college or school in the state (and their heirs or successors), and 5) representatives from selected colleges.[ 1]
The regents were spread across the state and getting a necessary quorum proved difficult given the size of the state and travel demands. On November 26, 1784, 33 additional members were appointed, twenty of them from New York City and affiliated with King's College (now known as Columbia University ). This arrangement also proved ineffective, so on April 13, 1787, the legislature legislated the existing regents out of office, and a new set of regents was appointed: the governor and the lieutenant governor continued as ex officio members, and 19 regents were appointed for life. This legislation also shifted the regents' focus from Columbia to schools, colleges, and universities across the state. On April 8, 1842, the secretary of state was added again as an ex officio member, and on March 30, 1854, the superintendent of public instruction. Vacancies were filled by joint ballot of the state legislature.[ 2]
The regents were made a constitutional body, no longer defined by statute, in 1894.[ 3] In 1904, the board was reorganized again and the ex officio members were legislated out. The offices of superintendent of public instruction and secretary of the board of regents were abolished and the duties of both transferred to the commissioner of education, who "serves at the pleasure" of the board of regents.[ 4] The regents continued to be elected by joint ballot of the legislature. Eleven of the sitting 19 regents were chosen by the legislature to continue in office, and were classified to serve for different term lengths, so that every year one seat came up for election, for a full term. The number of board members was reduced to eight, one regent per New York State Judicial District (based on the 1876 Act establishing the districts.[ 5] ), plus three "at large" members.
New York (Manhattan ) and Bronx (Bronx ) Counties
Kings (Brooklyn ), Nassau, Queens, Richmond (Staten Island ), Suffolk (Long Island ), Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Westchester (Yonkers ) Counties (Hudson Valley )
Albany (Albany ), Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer, Schoharie, Sullivan, Ulster Counties (Capital District )
Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Schenectady, Warren, Washington Counties (North Country )
Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Oneida, Onondaga (Syracuse ), Oswego Counties (Central Region )
Broome (Binghamton ), Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Madison, Otsego, Schuyler, Tioga, Tompkins Counties (Southern Tier )
Cayuga, Livingston, Monroe (Rochester ), Ontario, Seneca, Steuben, Wayne, Yates Counties (Finger Lakes )
Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie (Buffalo ), Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, Wyoming Counties (Western Region )
New regents members have been sworn in as districts were added and reconfigured.
1909: Francis M. Carpenter sworn in as the first regent from District 9 (Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, and Westchester Counties)
1948: Cornelius W. Wickersham sworn in as the first regent from District 10 (Suffolk County)
1963: Joseph T. King sworn in as the first regent from District 11 (Queens)
1965: Max J. Rubin sworn in as the first 4th at-large member
1983: Jorge L. Batista sworn in as the first regent from District 12 (Bronx) and Norma Gluck was sworn in as the new District 1 regent
2009: Christine D. Cea sworn in as the first regent from District 13 (Staten Island)
Section 202 of the education laws of 1945 established that a regent could not serve past April 1 in the year following their 70th birthday or be a "trustee, president, principal, or any other officer of an institution belonged to the university." If either event occurred, the regent was expected to resign from the board.[ 6] This restriction was lifted in 1986 with the passage of a New York State law banning mandatory retirement ages in most sectors.[ 7]
Currently, 17 members serve, representing each of the 13 judicial districts plus 4 at-large members. Regents currently serve for a term of five years. The Regents have never received a salary and only their travel expenses are reimbursed.
List of Regents
Ex officio members who served from May 1, 1784 founding to April 13, 1787 reconfiguration
George Clinton , Governor
Pierre Van Cortlandt , Lieutenant Governor
James Duane , Mayor of New York City
Johannes Jacobse Beeckman , Mayor of Albany, until September 29, 1786
Egbert Benson , Attorney General
John Morin Scott , secretary of state, until September 14, 1784
Lewis Allaire Scott , secretary of state, from October 23, 1784
John Hathorn , Speaker, until October 12, 1784
David Gelston , Speaker, October 12, 1784, to January 12, 1786
John Lansing Jr. , Speaker, January 12, 1786 to January 12, 1787; Mayor of Albany, January 12, 1787
Richard Varick , Speaker, January 12, 1787
Abraham Yates , President Pro Tempore of the NYS Senate, from October 18
Regents appointed on May 1, 1784 who served until the April 13, 1787 reconfiguration
Regents added on November 12, 1784 who served until the April 13, 1787 reconfiguration
Regents Sworn In from April 13, 1787 to 1904 reconfiguration
Notes : Ex officio tenures are not mentioned if the officeholder was a full member at the same time.
Regent
Entered office
Notes
Left office
Notes
Egbert Benson
April 13, 1787
previously ex officio member
1802
resigned
Matthew Clarkson
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
April 25, 1825
died
George Clinton
April 13, 1787
ex officio as governor
June 30, 1795
term ended
John Jay
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
1790
resigned
July 1, 1795
ex officio as governor
June 30, 1801
term ended
Nathan Kerr
April 13, 1787
re-appointed; AKA Nathan Carr
December 21, 1804
died
Andrew King
April 13, 1787
November 16, 1815
died
Ezra L'Hommedieu
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
September 27, 1811
died
William Linn
April 13, 1787
AKA William Lynn
January 8, 1808
died
James Livingston
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
1797
resigned
John McDonald
April 13, 1787
1796
resigned
Benjamin Moore
April 13, 1787
1802
resigned
Lewis Morris
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
January 22, 1798
died
John Rogers
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
May 7, 1811
died
Dirck Romeyn
April 13, 1787
1796
resigned
Ebenezer Russell
April 13, 1787
re-appointed
February 25, 1813
resigned
Philip Schuyler
April 13, 1787
November 18, 1804
died
Peter Silvester
April 13, 1787
AKA Peter Sylvester
October 15, 1808
died
Jonathan G. Tompkins
April 13, 1787
AKA Jonathan G. Thompkins
1808
resigned
Pierre Van Cortlandt
April 13, 1787
ex officio as lieutenant governor
June 30, 1795
term ended
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
April 13, 1787
AKA Frederick William de Steuben
November 28, 1794
died
Eilardus Westerlo
April 13, 1787
December 26, 1790
died
Gulian Verplanck
March 30, 1790
replaced John Jay
November 20, 1799
died
Zephaniah Platt
January 15, 1791
replaced Eilardus Westerlo
September 12, 1807
died
James Watson
January 28, 1795
replaced Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
May 15, 1806
died
Stephen Van Rensselaer
July 1, 1795
ex officio as lieutenant governor
June 30, 1801
term ended
James Cochran
February 18, 1796
replaced Dirck Romeyn
1820
resigned
Rev. Jonas Coe
March 24, 1796
replaced John McDonald
declined to take office
Abraham Van Vechten
January 11, 1797
replaced James Livingston
1823
resigned
Rev. Thomas Ellison
February 28, 1797
replaced Jonas Coe
April 26, 1802
died
Simeon De Witt
March 13, 1798
replaced Lewis Morris
December 3, 1834
died
James Kent
February 8, 1800
replaced Gulian Verplanck
April 1, 1816
vacated
George Clinton
July 1, 1801
ex officio as governor
June 30, 1804
term ended
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer
July 1, 1801
ex officio as lieutenant governor
June 30, 1804
term ended
John Tayler
February 1, 1802
replaced Egbert Benson
March 19, 1829
died
Henry Rutgers
February 15, 1802
replaced Benjamin Moore
1826
resigned
Charles Selden
February 18, 1803
replaced Thomas Ellison
1816
vacated
Morgan Lewis
July 1, 1804
ex officio as governor
June 30, 1807
term ended
John Broome
July 1, 1804
ex officio as lieutenant governor
August 8, 1810
died
Ambrose Spencer
January 28, 1805
replaced Philip Schuyler
1816
vacated
Lucas Elmendorf
January 28, 1805
replaced Nathan Kerr
1822
vacated
Elisha Jenkins
February 11, 1807
replaced James Watson
May 18, 1848
died
Daniel D. Tompkins
July 1, 1807
ex officio as governor
February 24, 1817
resigned
DeWitt Clinton
February 11, 1808
replaced William Linn
1825
resigned
January 1, 1825
ex officio as governor
February 11, 1828
died
Peter Gansevoort
February 11, 1808
replaced Zephaniah Platt
July 2, 1812
died
Alexander Sheldon
February 11, 1808
replaced Jonathan G. Tompkins
1816
vacated
Nathan Smith
January 31, 1809
replaced Peter Silvester
1822
vacated
Solomon Southwick
February 28, 1812
replaced Ezra L'Hommedieu
1823
resigned
Joseph C. Yates
February 28, 1812
replaced John Rogers
1833
resigned
Smith Thompson
March 8, 1813
replaced Peter Gansevoort
1819
resigned
John Woodworth
March 8, 1813
replaced Ebenezer Russell
1822
resigned
Martin Van Buren
March 4, 1816
replaced Andrew King
1829
resigned
John De Witt
January 28, 1817
replaced Alexander Sheldon
1823
resigned
Nathan Williams
January 28, 1817
replaced Ambrose Spencer
1824
vacated
John Lansing Jr.
January 28, 1817
replaced James Kent
December 12, 1829
disappeared
Samuel Young
January 28, 1817
replaced Charles Selden
1835
resigned
Philetus Swift
February 1817
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
June 30, 1817
term ended
Stephen Van Rensselaer
March 16, 1819
replaced Smith Thompson
January 26, 1839
died
William A. Duer
February 1, 1820
replaced James Cochran
1824
vacated
Harmanus Bleecker
February 7, 1822
replaced Nathan Smith
1834
resigned
James Thompson
February 7, 1822
replaced Lucas Elmendorf
1845
died
Erastus Root
January 1, 1823
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1824
term ended
Samuel A. Talcott
February 15, 1823
replaced John Woodworth
1829
resigned
James King
February 15, 1823
replaced Abraham Van Vechten
1841
died
Peter Wendell
February 15, 1823
replaced Solomon Southwick
1849
died
William L. Marcy
April 9, 1823
replaced John De Witt
1828
resigned
Robert Troup
February 13, 1824
replaced William A. Duer
1827
resigned
Peter B. Porter
February 13, 1824
replaced Nathan Williams
1830
resigned
James Tallmadge Jr.
January 1, 1825
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1826
term ended
John Greig
January 12, 1825
replaced DeWitt Clinton
April 9, 1858
died
Jesse Buel
January 26, 1826
replaced Henry Rutgers
October 8, 1839
died
Gulian C. Verplanck
January 26, 1826
replaced Matthew Clarkson
March 18, 1870
died
Nathaniel Pitcher
January 1, 1827
ex officio as lieutenant governor
February 11, 1828
became Governor
February 11, 1828
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1828
term ended
Edward P. Livingston
February 20, 1827
replaced Robert Troup
1831
resigned
January 1, 1831
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1832
term ended
Peter R. Livingston
February 1828
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
October 17, 1828
successor elected
Benjamin F. Butler
February 29, 1828
replaced William L. Marcy
1832
resigned
Charles Dayan
October 17, 1828
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
December 31, 1828
term ended
Enos T. Throop
January 1, 1829
ex officio as lieutenant governor
March 12, 1829
became Governor
March 12, 1829
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1832
term ended
Charles Stebbins
March 1829
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
December 31, 1829
term ended
Gerrit Y. Lansing
March 31, 1829
replaced Martin Van Buren
January 3, 1862
died
John Keyes Paige
March 31, 1829
replaced Samuel A. Talcott
1857
died
John Sudam
March 31, 1829
replaced John Tayler
April 13, 1835
died
William M. Oliver
January 5, 1830
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
December 31, 1830
term ended
John P. Cushman
April 2, 1830
replaced John Lansing Jr.
1834
resigned
John Tracy
April 2, 1830
replaced Peter B. Porter
1833
resigned
January 1, 1833
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1838
term ended
John Adams Dix
March 23, 1831
replaced Edward P. Livingston
1846
resigned
John L. Viele
February 6, 1832
replaced Benjamin F. Butler
October 19, 1832
died
William L. Marcy
January 1, 1833
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1838
term ended
William Campbell
February 5, 1833
replaced John Tracy
October 27, 1844
died
Erastus Corning
February 5, 1833
replaced John L. Viele
April 9, 1872
died
Prosper M. Wetmore
April 4, 1833
replaced Joseph C. Yates
March 16, 1876
died
James McKown
April 17, 1834
replaced Harmanus Bleecker
1847
died
John Lorimer Graham
April 17, 1834
replaced John P. Cushman
1864
resigned
Amasa J. Parker
January 20, 1835
replaced Simeon De Witt
1844
resigned
John McLean Jr.
April 8, 1835
replaced Samuel Young
December 5, 1858
died
Washington Irving
May 9, 1835
replaced John Sudam
1842
resigned
William H. Seward
January 1, 1839
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1842
term ended
Luther Bradish
January 1, 1839
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1842
term ended
Joseph Russell
February 18, 1839
replaced Stephen Van Rensselaer
1844
resigned
John C. Spencer
February 28, 1840
replaced Jesse Buel
1844
vacated
Gideon Hawley
February 1, 1842
replaced James King
July 17, 1870
died
David Buel
March 24, 1842
replaced Washington Irving
August 16, 1860
died
Samuel Young
April 8, 1842
ex officio as secretary of state
February 8, 1845
successor elected
William C. Bouck
January 1, 1843
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1844
term ended
Daniel S. Dickinson
January 1, 1843
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1844
term ended
James S. Wadsworth
May 4, 1844
replaced Amasa J. Parker
May 8, 1864
died
John V. L. Pruyn
May 4, 1844
replaced John C. Spencer
November 21, 1877
died
Silas Wright
January 1, 1845
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1846
term ended
Addison Gardiner
January 1, 1845
ex officio as lieutenant governor
June 1847
resigned
William C. Bouck
February 3, 1845
replaced Joseph Russell
1847
vacated
Martin Van Buren
February 3, 1845
replaced William Campbell
1845
resigned
Nathaniel S. Benton
February 8, 1845
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1847
term ended
Jabez D. Hammond
May 10, 1845
replaced Martin Van Buren
August 18, 1855
died
John L. O'Sullivan
February 2, 1846
replaced John Adams Dix
1855
resigned
Robert Campbell
February 2, 1846
replaced James Thompson
July 16, 1870
died
John Young
January 1, 1847
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1848
term ended
Rev. Samuel Luckey D.D.
May 6, 1847
replaced William C. Bouck
October 11, 1869
died
Albert Lester
July 1847
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
December 31, 1847
term ended
Robert G. Rankin
September 27, 1847
replaced James McKown
August 29, 1878
died
Hamilton Fish
January 1, 1848
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1848
term ended
January 1, 1849
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1850
term ended
Christopher Morgan
January 1, 1848
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1851
term ended
George W. Patterson
January 1, 1849
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1850
term ended
Philip S. Van Rensselaer
February 6, 1849
replaced Elisha Jenkins
1856
resigned
Washington Hunt
January 1, 1851
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1852
term ended
Sanford E. Church
January 1, 1851
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1854
term ended
John N. Campbell
March 18, 1851
replaced Peter Wendell
March 27, 1864
died
Henry S. Randall
January 1, 1852
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1853
term ended
Horatio Seymour
January 1, 1853
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1854
term ended
Elias W. Leavenworth
January 1, 1854
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1855
term ended
Victor M. Rice
March 30, 1854
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1857
successor elected
Myron H. Clark
January 1, 1855
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1856
term ended
Henry J. Raymond
January 1, 1855
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1856
term ended
Erastus C. Benedict
March 21, 1855
replaced John L. O'Sullivan
October 22, 1880
died
Joel T. Headley
January 1, 1856
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1857
term ended
George W. Clinton
March 6, 1856
replaced Jabez D. Hammond
September 7, 1885
died
Robert Kelly
March 6, 1856
replaced Philip S. Van Rensselaer
1856
died
John A. King
January 1, 1857
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1858
term ended
Henry R. Selden
January 1, 1857
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1858
term ended
Rev. Isaac Parks D.D.
April 7, 1857
replaced Robert Kelly
April 15, 1869
died
Henry H. Van Dyck
April 7, 1857
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 16, 1861
resigned
Gideon J. Tucker
January 1, 1858
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1859
term ended
Lorenzo Burrows
February 16, 1858
replaced John Keyes Paige
March 6, 1885
died
William Cullen Bryant
April 15, 1858
replaced John Greig
declined to take office
Edwin D. Morgan
January 1, 1859
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1862
term ended
Rev. George B. Cheever D.D.
March 29, 1859
replaced William Cullen Bryant
1861
vacated
Robert S. Hale
March 29, 1859
replaced John McLean Jr.
December 14, 1881
died
David R. Floyd-Jones
January 1, 1860
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1861
term ended
J. Carson Brevoort
February 5, 1861
replaced George B. Cheever
1885
resigned
Elias W. Leavenworth
February 5, 1861
replaced David Buel
November 25, 1887
died
Emerson W. Keyes
April 16, 1861
ex officio as acting superintendent of public instruction
January 30, 1862
successor elected
Horatio Ballard
January 1, 1862
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1863
term ended
George R. Perkins
January 30, 1862
replaced Gerrit Y. Lansing
August 22, 1876
died
Victor M. Rice
January 30, 1862
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1868
term ended
Horatio Seymour
January 1, 1863
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1864
term ended
David R. Floyd-Jones
January 1, 1863
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1864
term ended
Chauncey M. Depew
January 1, 1864
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1865
term ended
George William Curtis
April 12, 1864
replaced John Lorimer Graham
August 31, 1892
died
Alexander S. Johnson
April 12, 1864
replaced John N. Campbell
December 1873
resigned
Thomas G. Alvord
January 1, 1865
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1866
term ended
Reuben Fenton
January 1, 1865
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1868
term ended
William H. Goodwin
January 24, 1865
replaced James S. Wadsworth
February 17, 1876
died
Francis C. Barlow
January 1, 1866
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1867
term ended
Stewart L. Woodford
January 1, 1867
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1868
term ended
Homer A. Nelson
January 1, 1868
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1871
term ended
Abram B. Weaver
April 7, 1868
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1874
term ended
John T. Hoffman
January 1, 1869
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1872
term ended
Allen C. Beach
January 1, 1869
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1872
term ended
John Augustus Griswold
April 29, 1869
replaced Isaac Parks
October 31, 1872
died
Francis Kernan
February 10, 1870
replaced Samuel Luckey
September 7, 1892
died
Oswald Ottendorfer
April 14, 1870
replaced Gulian C. Verplanck
1873
resigned
John L. Lewis
February 8, 1871
replaced Gideon Hawley
1890
died
Horatio G. Warner
February 8, 1871
replaced Robert Campbell
February 12, 1876
died
G. Hilton Scribner
January 1, 1872
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1873
term ended
Henry R. Pierson
April 24, 1872
replaced Erastus Corning
January 1, 1890
died
John Adams Dix
January 1, 1873
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1874
term ended
John C. Robinson
January 1, 1873
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1874
term ended
Martin I. Townsend
April 24, 1873
replaced John Augustus Griswold
March 8, 1903
died
James W. Booth
May 14, 1873
replaced Oswald Ottendorfer
September 14, 1876
died
Diedrich Willers Jr.
January 1, 1874
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1875
term ended
Anson Judd Upson
February 11, 1874
replaced Alexander S. Johnson
June 15, 1902
died
Neil Gilmour
April 7, 1874
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1883
term ended
Samuel J. Tilden
January 1, 1875
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1876
term ended
William Dorsheimer
January 1, 1875
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1879
term ended
John Bigelow
January 1, 1876
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1877
term ended
Augustus C. George
March 9, 1876
replaced William H. Goodwin
1877
resigned
William L. Bostwick
March 9, 1876
replaced Horatio G. Warner
September 22, 1896
died
John Adams Dix
March 29, 1876
replaced Prosper M. Wetmore
1877
resigned
Lucius Robinson
January 1, 1877
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1879
term ended
Chauncey M. Depew
January 31, 1877
replaced James W. Booth
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Charles E. Fitch
January 31, 1877
replaced George R. Perkins
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Orris H. Warren
April 11, 1877
replaced Augustus C. George
November 23, 1901
died
Allen C. Beach
January 1, 1878
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1879
term ended
Leslie W. Russell
January 17, 1878
replaced John V. L. Pruyn
September 1891
resigned
Whitelaw Reid
January 17, 1878
replaced John Adams Dix
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Charles Emory Smith
January 22, 1879
replaced Robert G. Rankin
1880
resigned
Alonzo B. Cornell
January 1, 1880
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1882
term ended
George G. Hoskins
January 1, 1880
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1882
term ended
Joseph B. Carr
January 1, 1880
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1885
term ended
William H. Watson
February 2, 1881
replaced Erastus C. Benedict
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Henry E. Turner
February 2, 1881
replaced Charles Emory Smith
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Grover Cleveland
January 1, 1883
ex officio as governor
January 6, 1865
resigned
David B. Hill
January 1, 1883
ex officio as lieutenant governor
January 6, 1885
became Governor
January 6, 1885
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1891
term ended
St. Clair McKelway
January 10, 1883
replaced Robert S. Hale
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
William B. Ruggles
April 7, 1883
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
January 1, 1886
resigned
Dennis McCarthy
January 6, 1885
ex officio as acting lieutenant governor
December 31, 1885
term ended
Hamilton Harris
March 18, 1885
replaced J. Carson Brevoort
December 14, 1900
died
Daniel Beach
March 18, 1885
replaced Lorenzo Burrows
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
James E. Morrison
January 1, 1886
ex officio as acting superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1886
term ended
Frederick Cook
January 1, 1886
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1889
term ended
Edward F. Jones
January 1, 1886
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1891
term ended
Willard A. Cobb
February 2, 1886
replaced George W. Clinton
1895
resigned
Andrew S. Draper
April 7, 1886
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1892
term ended
Carroll E. Smith
January 24, 1888
replaced Elias W. Leavenworth
August 21, 1903
died
Frank Rice
January 1, 1890
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1893
term ended
Pliny T. Sexton
April 15, 1890
replaced John L. Lewis
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
T. Guilford Smith
April 15, 1890
replaced Henry R. Pierson
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Roswell P. Flower
January 1, 1892
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1894
term ended
William F. Sheehan
January 1, 1892
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1894
term ended
William Croswell Doane
February 10, 1892
replaced Leslie W. Russell
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
James F. Crooker
April 7, 1892
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
April 7, 1895
term ended
Francis McNeirny
April 10, 1893
replaced Francis Kernan
January 2, 1894
died
Lewis A. Stimson
April 10, 1893
replaced George William Curtis
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
John Palmer
January 1, 1894
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1898
term ended
Sylvester Malone
March 29, 1894
replaced Francis McNeirny
December 29, 1899
died
Levi P. Morton
January 1, 1895
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1896
term ended
Charles T. Saxton
January 1, 1895
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1896
term ended
Charles R. Skinner
April 7, 1895
ex officio as superintendent of public instruction
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Albert Vander Veer
February 13, 1895
replaced Willard A. Cobb
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Frank S. Black
January 1, 1897
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1898
term ended
Timothy L. Woodruff
January 1, 1897
ex officio as lieutenant governor
December 31, 1902
term ended
Chester S. Lord
January 20, 1897
replaced William L. Bostwick
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Theodore Roosevelt
January 1, 1899
ex officio as governor
December 31, 1900
term ended
John T. McDonough
January 1, 1899
ex officio as secretary of state
December 31, 1902
term ended
Thomas A. Hendrick
April 3, 1900
replaced Sylvester Malone
1904
resigned
Benjamin B. Odell Jr.
January 1, 1901
ex officio as governor
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Robert C. Pruyn
February 13, 1901
replaced Hamilton Harris
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
William Nottingham
February 27, 1902
replaced Orris H. Warren
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Frank W. Higgins
January 1, 1903
ex officio as lieutenant governor
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
John F. O'Brien
January 1, 1903
ex officio as secretary of state
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Charles A. Gardiner
January 21, 1903
replaced Anson Judd Upson
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Charles Spencer Francis
April 22, 1903
replaced Martin I. Townsend
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Eugene A. Philbin
March 2, 1904
replaced Carroll E. Smith
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Edward Lauterbach
March 2, 1904
replaced Thomas A. Hendrick
March 31, 1904
legislated out of office
Regents Sworn in Since the April 1, 1904 reconfiguration
Regent
Entered office
Notes
Left office
Notes
Judicial District
Eugene A. Philbin
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 5 years
April 17, 1913
resigned
1st
St. Clair McKelway
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 2 years
July 16, 1915
died
2nd
Charles Spencer Francis
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 11 years
April 20, 1906
resigned
3rd
Albert Vander Veer
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 1 year
April 1, 1905
term ended
3rd
April 25, 1906
replaced Charles Spencer Francis
February 9, 1927
term ended
William Nottingham
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 3 years
January 23, 1921
died
5th
Daniel Beach
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 4 years
February 22, 1913
died
6th
Pliny T. Sexton
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 10 years
September 5, 1924
died
7th
T. Guilford Smith
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 8 years
February 21, 1912
died
8th
Charles A. Gardiner
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 6 years
April 23, 1909
died
At Large Seat 1
Edward Lauterbach
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 7 years
March 31, 1911
term ended
At Large Seat 2
Whitelaw Reid
April 1, 1904
appointed to serve 9 years
December 15, 1912
died
At Large Seat 3
Lucian L. Shedden
April 1, 1905
replaced Albert Vander Veer
January 17, 1912
died
4th
Francis M. Carpenter
April 1, 1909
seat added
May 12, 1919
died
9th
Chester S. Lord
April 28, 1909
replaced Charles A. Gardiner
August 1, 1933
died
At Large Seat 1
Abram I. Elkus
April 1, 1911
replaced Edward Lauterbach
November 24, 1919
resigned
At Large Seat 2
Lucius N. Littauer
February 14, 1912
replaced Lucian L. Shedden
February 26, 1914
resigned
4th
Adelbert Moot
April 1, 1912
replaced T. Guilford Smith
September 12, 1929
died
8th
Charles B. Alexander
February 12, 1913
replaced Whitelaw Reid
February 7, 1927
died
At Large Seat 3
Andrew J. Shipman
May 1913
replaced Eugene A. Philbin
October 17, 1915
died
1st
John D. Moore
March 26, 1913
replaced Daniel Beach
March 31, 1919
term ended
6th
Walter Guest Kellogg
March 10, 1914
replaced Lucius N. Littauer
October 17, 1929
resigned
4th
William Berri
February 8, 1916
replaced St. Clair McKelway
April 19, 1917
died
2nd
James Byrne
February 8, 1916
replaced Andrew J. Shipman
July 30, 1937
Resigned
1st
Herbert L. Bridgman
May 2, 1917
replaced William Berri
September 24, 1924
died
2nd
Thomas J. Mangan
April 1, 1919
replaced John Moore
May 19, 1947
term ended
6th
William J. Wallin
February 12, 1920
replaced Francis M. Carpenter
March 31, 1957
retired
9th
William A. Bondy
February 12, 1920
replaced Abram I. Elkus
March 31, 1935
term ended
At Large Seat 2
William P. Baker
February 9, 1921
replaced William Nottingham
January 8, 1930
died
5th
Robert W. Higbie
February 11, 1925
replaced Herbert L. Bridgman
June 20, 1936
died
2nd
Roland B. Woodward
February 11, 1925
replaced Pliny T. Sexton
December 27, 1946
died
7th
Florence Gibb Pratt
March 17, 1929
replaced Charles B. Alexander;
First woman regent
January 2, 1935
died
At Large Seat 3
William Leland Thompson
February 9, 1927
Replaced Albert Vander Veer
March 31, 1951
term ended
3rd
John Lord O'Brian
February 12, 1930
replaced Adelbert Mort
October 21, 1946
resigned
8th
Grant C. Madill
February 12, 1930
replaced Walter Guest Kellogg
March 26, 1943
resigned
4th
George Hopkins Bond
April 1, 1930
replaced William P. Baker
February 5, 1953
resigned
5th
Owen D. Young
February 14, 1934
replaced Chester S. Lord
March 31, 1946
term ended
At Large Seat 1
Susan Brandeis Gilbert
February 13, 1935
replaced Florence Gibb Pratt
March 31, 1949
term ended
At Large Seat 3
Christopher C. Mollenhauer
April 1, 1935
replaced William Bondy
March 31, 1947
term ended
At Large Seat 2
George J. Ryan
February 10, 1937
replaced Robert W. Higbie
March 31, 1941
term ended
2nd
Gordon Knox Bell
February 9, 1938
replaced James Byrne
April 1, 1944
term ended
1st
W. Kingsland Macy
April 1, 1941
replaced George J. Ryan
March 31, 1948
new seat created
2nd
March 31, 1948
seat added
March 31, 1953
term ended
10th
John P. Myers
February 9, 1944
replaced Grant C. Madill
March 31, 1957
year of his 70th birthday
4th
Stanley Brady
April 1, 1944
replaced Gordon Knox Bell
December 31, 1948
resigned
1st
Edward R. Eastman
April 1, 1946
replaced Owen D. Young
March 31, 1956
year of his 70th birthday
At Large Seat 1
Welles V. Moot
February 12, 1947
replaced John Lord O'Brian
March 31, 1956
year of his 70th birthday
8th
Caroline Werner Gannett
February 12, 1947
replaced Roland B. Woodward
March 31, 1964
resigned
7th
Roger W. Straus
April 1, 1947
replaced Christopher C. Mollenhauer
July 28, 1957
died
At Large Seat 2
George L. Hinman
February 11, 1948
replaced Thomas J. Mangan
September 13, 1950
resigned
6th
Dominick F. Maurillo
March 3, 1948
replaced W. Kingsland Macy
September 7, 1962
resigned
2nd
John F. Brosnan
February 9, 1949
Replaced Stanley Brady
April 1, 1961
year of his 70th birthday
1st
Jacob L. Holtzmann
April 1, 1949
replaced Susan Brandeis Gilbert
March 31, 1958
year of his 70th birthday
At Large Seat 3
Edgar W. Couper
February 14, 1951
replaced George L. Hinman
April 1, 1968
retired
6th
Alexander J. Allan Jr.
February 14, 1951
replaced William Leland Thompson
April 1, 1978
term ended
3rd
Elwyn L. Smith
February 25, 1953
replaced George Hopkins Bond
April 1, 1954
term ended
5th
Cornelius W. Wickersham
April 1, 1953
seat added
March 31, 1955
year of his 70th birthday
10th
Thad L. Collum
April 1, 1954
replaced Elwyn L. Smith
January 31, 1967
term ended
5th
George L. Hubbell Jr.
April 1, 1955
replaced Cornelius W. Wickersham
March 31, 1965
year of his 70th birthday
10th
T. Norman Hurd
April 1, 1956
replaced Edward R. Eastman
December 12, 1958
resigned
At Large Seat 1
Charles W. Millard Jr.
April 1, 1956
replaced Welles V. Moot
March 31, 1974
year of his 70th birthday
8th
Chester H. Lang
April 1, 1957
replaced John P. Myers
June 15, 1961
died
4th
Everett J. Penny
April 1957
replaced William J. Wallin
March 31, 1974
year of his 70th birthday
9th
Carl H. Pforzheimer Jr.
February 12, 1958
replaced Roger W. Straus
March 31, 1978
year of his 70th birthday
At Large Seat 2
Edward M. M. Warburg
April 1, 1958
replaced Jacob L. Holtzmann
March 31, 1975
term ended
At Large Seat 3
J. Carlton Corwith
February 3, 1959
replaced T. Norman Hurd
December 7, 1966
died
At Large Seat 1
Allen D. Marshall
February 6, 1961
replaced Chester H. Lang
March 31, 1965
term ended
4th
Joseph W. McGovern
February 7, 1961
replaced John F. Brosnan
March 31, 1975
resigned
1st
Joseph T. King
February 4, 1963
seat added
March 1, 1974
resigned
11th
March 31, 1974
replaced Max J. Rubin
March 31, 1976
retired
At Large Seat 4
Paul R. Falco
April 3, 1963
replaced Dominick F. Maurillo
May 1, 1963
died
2nd
Joseph C. Indelicato
February 4, 1964
replaced Paul Falco
March 31, 1977
resigned
2nd
Helen B. Power
April 1, 1964
replaced Caroline Werner Gannett
March 10, 1975
resigned
7th
Francis W. McGinley
March 30, 1965
replaced Allen D Marshall
March 31, 1976
year of his 70th birthday
4th
John I. Snyder
April 1, 1965
replaced George L. Hubboll Jr.
March 31, 1966
term ended
10th
George D. Weinstein
June 23, 1965
replaced John I. Snyder
March 5, 1969
died
10th
Max J. Rubin
June 23, 1965
seat added
June 3, 1973
resigned
At Large Seat 4
Kenneth B. Clark
February 8, 1966
replaced J. Carlton Corwith;
first African-American regent
March 31, 1986
term ended
At Large Seat 1
Stephen Kemp Bailey
February 21, 1967
replaced Thad Collum
April 30, 1973
resigned
5th
Harold E. Newcomb
February 3, 1969
replaced Edward Couper
March 31, 1982
year of his 70th birthday
6th
Theodore Michael Black
April 23, 1969
replaced George D. Weinstein
April 1, 1980
retired
10th
Willard A. Genrich
April 1, 1973
replaced Charles W. Millard Jr.
March 31, 1995
Removed by legislature[ 8]
8th
Emlyn I. Griffith
May 23, 1973
replaced Stephen Kemp Bailey
March 31, 1996
retired
5th
Genevieve Sanchez Klein
March 26, 1974
replaced Joseph T. King
April 1, 1977
term ended
11th
William Jovanovich
March 31, 1974
replaced Everett J. Penny
March 31, 1977
resigned
9th
Mary Alice Kendall
April 1, 1975
replaced Helen B. Power;
nomination was contested[ 9]
March 31, 1983
term ended
7th
Louis E. Yavner
April 1, 1975
Edward M. M. Warburg;
nomination was contested[ 9]
March 31, 1981
resigned
At Large Seat 3
Laura Bradley Chodos
April 1, 1976
replaced Francis W. McGinley
March 31, 1993
term ended
4th
Joseph R. Bongiorno
April 1, 1977
replaced Joseph C. Indelicato
May 3, 1980
died
2nd
Martin C. Barell
April 1, 1976
replaced Joseph W. King
January 13, 1993
died
At Large Seat 4
Louise P. Matteoni
March 31, 1977
replaced Genevieve Sanchez Klein
March 31, 1998
term ended
11th
Jorge L. Batista
April 1, 1975
replaced Joseph W. McGovern;
nomination was contested[ 9]
March 1, 1983
term ended
1st
April 1, 1983
seat added
March 31, 1998
term ended
12th
J. Edward Meyer
March 8, 1977
replaced William Jovanovich;
longest serving regent
March 31, 2000
retired
9th
Arlene B. Reed-Delaney
April 5, 1978
replaced Alexander J. Allan Jr.;
First African-American woman
September 30, 1980
resigned
3rd
R. Carlos Carballada
April 5, 1978
replaced Carl H. Pforzheimer Jr
March 31, 1999
term ended
At Large Seat 2
Floyd S. Linton
April 1, 1980
replaced Theodore Michael Black
March 31, 1995
Removed by legislature[ 8]
10th
Mimi Levin Lieber
May 19, 1981
replaced Louis E. Yavner
March 31, 1995
term ended
At Large Seat 3
Shirley C. Brown
May 19, 1981
replaced Arlene B. Reed-Delaney
July 20, 1995
resigned
3rd
Salvatore J. Sclafani
May 19, 1981
replaced Joseph R. Bongiorno
March 31, 1988
term ended
2nd
Adelaide L. Sanford
March 25, 1986
replaced Kenneth B. Clark
March 31, 2007
retired
At Large Seat 1
Thomas Frey
April 1, 1983
replaced Mary Alice Kendall
December 31, 1987
resigned
7th
Norma Gluck
March 31, 1983
seat added (district reconfigured)
March 31, 1997
term ended
1st
Robert M. Best
April 1, 1982
replaced Harold Newcomb
January 8, 1984
resigned
Binghamton
Walter Cooper
April 1, 1988
replaced Thomas Frey
March 31, 1997
retired
7th
Gerald J. Lustig
April 1, 1988
replaced Salvatore J. Sclafani
February 11, 1991
died
2nd
Carl T. Hayden
March 31, 1990
replaced James McCabe, Sr.
March 31, 2002
retired
6th
Diane O’Neill McGivern
March 31, 1991
replaced Gerald J. Lustig
March 31, 2005
retired
2nd
Saul B. Cohen
March 1, 1993
replaced Martin C. Barell
December 1, 2010
retired
At Large Seat 4
James C. Dawson
March 1, 1993
Laura Bradley Chodos
March 31, 2015
term ended
4th
Robert M. Bennett
April 1, 1995
replaced William Genrich
March 31, 2015
term ended
8th
Robert M. Johnson
April 1, 1995
replaced Floyd S. Linton
May 15, 2004
resigned
10th
Peter M. Pryor
April 1, 1996
replaced Shirley C. Brown
March 31, 1999
retired
3rd
Anthony S. Bottar
April 5, 1996
replaced Emlyn Griffith
March 31, 2016
term ended
5th
Merryl Tisch
April 1, 1996
replaced Mimi Levin Lieber
March 31, 2016
retired
At Large Seat 3
Harold O. Levy
April 1, 1997
replaced Norma Gluck
January 1, 2000
resigned
1st
Ena L. Farley
April 1, 1997
replaced Walter Cooper
March 31, 2002
term ended
7th
Geraldine D. Chapey
April 1, 1998
replaced Louise Matteoni
November 1, 2014
resigned
11th
Ricardo E. Oquendo
April 1, 1998
replaced Jorge L. Batista
March 31, 2000
resigned
12th
Arnold B. Gardner
April 1, 1999
replaced R. Carlos Carballada
March 31, 2009
term ended
At Large Seat 2
Eleanor Powell Bartlett
April 1, 1999
replaced Peter M. Pryor
July 15, 2000
resigned
3rd
Charlotte K. Frank
April 1, 2000
replaced Harold O. Levy
March 31, 2002
term ended
1st
Harry Phillips III
April 1, 2000
replaced J. Edward Meyer
March 31, 2014
retired
9th
Lorraine Cortes-Vazquez
April 1, 2001
replaced Ricardo E. Oquendo
December 31, 2007
resigned
12th
Joseph E. Bowman
April 1, 2001
replaced Eleanor Powell Bartlett
June 15, 2010
resigned
3rd
Milton L. Cofield
April 1, 2002
replaced Ena L. Farley
March 31, 2011
term ended
7th
James R. Tallon Jr.
April 1, 2002
replaced Carl Hayden
March 31, 2017
term ended
6th
Judith O. Rubin
April 1, 2002
replaced Charlotte K. Frank
December 31, 2003
resigned
1st
John Brademas
April 1, 2004
replaced Judith O. Rubin
March 31, 2007
term ended
1st
Carol Bellamy
April 1, 2005
replaced Diane O’Neill McGivern
February 2006 (?)
resigned
2nd
Roger B. Tilles
April 1, 2005
replaced Robert M. Johnson
March 31, 2025
currently serving
10th
Karen Brooks Hopkins
April 1, 2006
replaced Carol Bellamy
March 31, 2011
term ended
2nd
Charles R. Bendit
April 1, 2007
replaced John Brademas
April 1, 2016
resigned
1st
Natalie Gomez-Velez
April 1, 2007
replaced Lorraine Cortes-Vazquez
March 31, 2008
term ended
12th
Lester W. Young Jr.
May 6, 2008
replaced Adelaide L. Sanford
March 31, 2025
currently serving
At Large Seat 1
Betty A. Rosa
April 1, 2008
replaced Natalie Gomez-Hopkins
August 1, 2020
resigned
12th
Christine D. Cea
April 1, 2009
seat added
March 31, 2024
currently serving
13th
Wade S. Norwood
April 1, 2009
replaced Arnold B. Gardner
March 31, 2024
currently serving
At Large Seat 2
James O. Jackson
April 1, 2011
replaced Joseph E. Bowman
March 10, 2014
resigned
3rd
Kathleen M. Cashin
April 1, 2011
replaced Karen Brooks Hopkins
March 31, 2025
currently serving
2nd
James Edward Cottrell
April 1, 2011
replaced Saul B. Cohen
March 31, 2024
currently serving
At Large Seat 4
T. Andrew Brown
April 1, 2012
replaced Milton L. Cofield
March 31, 2022
resigned
7th
Josephine Finn
March 11, 2014
replaced James O. Jackson
March 31, 2024
currently serving
3rd
Judith Chin
March 10, 2015
replaced Geraldine Chapey;
first Asian-American regent
March 31, 2028
currently serving
11th
Beverly L. Ouderkirk
March 10, 2015
replaced James C. Dawson
March 29, 2022
died
4th
Catherine Collins
March 10, 2015
replaced Robert Bennett
March 31, 2025
currently serving
8th
Judith Johnson
April 1, 2015
replaced Henry Phillips III
October 23, 2019
died
9th
Nan Eileen Mead
March 8, 2016
replaced Charles R. Bendit
March 31, 2022
term ended
1st
Elizabeth Smith Hakanson
April 1, 2016
replaced Anthony Bottar
March 31, 2026
currently serving
5th
Luis O. Reyes
April 1, 2016
replaced Meryl Tisch
March 31, 2026
currently serving
At Large Seat 3
Susan W. Mittler
April 1, 2017
replaced James Tallon Jr.
March 21, 2027
currently serving
6th
Frances Wills
April 1, 2020
replaced Judith Johnson
March 31, 2025
currently serving
9th
Ruth B Turner
March 2, 2021
replaced T. Andrew Brown
January 4, 2023
resigned
7th
Aramina Vega Ferrer
March 2, 2001
replaced Betty A. Rosa
March 31, 2028
currently serving
12th
Shino Tanikawa
March 31, 2022
replaced Nan Eileen Mead
March 31, 2027
currently serving
1st
Roger Catania
June 2, 2022
replaced Beverly L. Ouderkirk
March 31, 2025
currently serving
4th
Adrian I. Hale
March 1, 2023
replaced Ruth B. Turner
March 1, 2027
currently serving
7th
Chancellors
George Clinton , 1784–1785, 1787–1795
John Jay , 1796–1801
George Clinton , 1801–1804
Morgan Lewis , 1805–1807
Daniel D. Tompkins , 1808–1817
John Tayler , 1817–1829
Simeon De Witt , 1829–1834
Stephen Van Rensselaer , 1835–1839
James King, 1839–1841
Peter Wendell, 1842–1849
Gerrit Y. Lansing , 1849–1862
John V. L. Pruyn , 1862–1877
Erastus C. Benedict , 1878–1880
Henry R. Pierson , 1881–1890
George William Curtis , 1890–1892
Anson Judd Upson, 1892–1902
William Croswell Doane , 1902–1904
Whitelaw Reid , 1904–1912
St. Clair McKelway, 1913–1915
Pliny T. Sexton, 1915–1921
Albert Vander Veer , 1921
Chester S. Lord, 1921–1933
James Byrne, 1933–1937
Thomas J. Mangan, 1937–1945
William John Wallin, 1945–1950
John Platt Myers, 1951–1957
Roger Straus, 1957
John F. Brosnan, 1957–1961
Edgar W. Couper, 1961–1968
Joseph W. McGovern, 1968–1975
Theodore M. Black, 1975–1980
Willard A. Genrich, 1980–1985
Martin C. Barell, 1985–1992
R. Carlos Carballada, 1991–1995
Carl T. Hayden, 1995–2002
Robert M. Bennett, 2002–2009
Merryl Tisch, 2009–2016 (first female chancellor)
Betty A. Rosa 2016–2020 (first Latina/Hispanic chancellor)
T. Andrew Brown 2020–2021
Lester W. Young Jr. 2021–
References
^ Sherwood, Sidney (1900-01-01). The University of the State of New York: History of Higher Education in the State of New York . U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 52 . May 1, 1784 New York.
^ The New York Civil List (1858; pg. 333–339)
^ The regents of the University of the State of New York,1784-1959 . Albany. 1959-01-01. hdl :2027/mdp.39015035877557 .
^ The regents of the University of the State of New York, 1784-1959 . Albany. 1959-01-01. hdl :2027/mdp.39015035877557 .
^ Chester, Alden; Williams, Edwin Melvin (1925). Courts and Lawyers of New York: A History, 1609-1925 . The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 9781584774242 .
^ The regents of the University of the State of New York,1784-1959 . Albany. 1959-01-01. hdl :2027/mdp.39015035877557 .
^ Williams, Lena (1985-12-30). "Wider Ban On Forced Retirement Begins In State On New Year's Day" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2017-11-13 .
^ a b "2 Regents to Be Dismissed" . The New York Times . 1995-03-13. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2017-10-02 .
^ a b c "New York High Court Upholds Disputed Election of 3 Regents" . The New York Times . Retrieved October 28, 2017 .