Christakis Zografos

Christakis Zografos
Efendi
Christakis Zografos Efendi
	Portrait of Christakis Zografos
Born	1820; Qestorat, Ottoman Empire (now in Albania)
Died	August 19, 1898 (aged 77); Paris, France
Nationality	Ottoman Greek
Occupation	Banker
Known for	Philanthropy

Christakis Zografos (Greek: Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος, Turkish: Hristaki Zoğrafos Efendi; 1820 – 19 August 1898^[1]) was an Ottoman Greek^[2] banker, benefactor and one of the distinguished personalities of the Greek community of Constantinople (modern Istanbul).

Early life and career

Zografos was born in the village of Qestorat in southern Albania, when the region was under Ottoman rule.^[3] He attended the Zosimaia School in Ioannina and then went to Constantinople to join his father's business there. He was initially a co-partner in a small money changing stand at Galata.^[4] During 1854–1881, Zografos became one of the major creditors of the Ottoman state.^[5] He also became one of its leading bankers and financiers and president of the Ottoman capital's trolley company. He was awarded by three sultans, sat on the Imperial Board of Estimate and served as president of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Clerico-Lay Advisory Board. Because of his high social status he was widely known as Christakis Efendi (Lord Christakis).

Following the Fire of Pera in 1870, Zoğrafos purchased the damaged Naum Theatre and had it rebuilt as what is now the Çiçek Pasajı.

Zografos was known as Sultan Murad V's personal jeweller. After the successful coup against Sultan Abdülaziz, he was entrusted with the sultan's jewellery collection as it was assumed it would not fetch its true value in Constantinople. Zografos was sent to France to try and sell it and never returned to the city. [10]

Philanthropy

Zografos lavishly endowed educational and other facilities for the Greek communities living in regions that belonged, at that time, to the Ottoman Empire.^[6]

He offered large sums of money for the establishment of two middle schools in Constantinople: one in Beyoğlu (Pera), the other a school for girls in Yeniköy on the Bosphorus. Both were called Zographeion Lyceum in his memory.^[7] He also sponsored the rebuilding of a Greek library in the city and gave 1,000-franc endowments to the universities of Munich and Paris for awards in the fields of Greek literature and history.^[8]

In his birthplace he founded another Zographeion College where the male and female graduates became Greek language teachers. Zografos also offered annual scholarships to 60 students (30 females and 30 males) from poor families to cover their living costs while they studied.

Other grants went to the Patriarchate's Halki seminary on Heybeliada (Halki). In recognition he was awarded the Gold Cross of the Ecumenical Patriarch Joachim II.

His son Georgios Christakis-Zografos became a notable diplomat, politician and head of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914).

Legacy

Under the Communist regime in Albania (1945–1992), Zografos and his son were labelled 'enemies of the state'. Anyone from his home town who held the name Zografos, whether they were related or not, was also persecuted. After 1992, however, the situation changed and today the Zographeion school in Qestorati has been renovated and reopened as a museum.^[9]

References

^ Archives de Paris, Etat-civil, Décès, 1893-1902, XVIe arr., n° 865.
^ Karpat, Kemal H. (2001). The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state. Oxford University Press US. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-19-513618-0. With financial support from the Greek government and rich Greeks, including Abdulhamid's own friends, G. Zarifis, the banker, and Christaki Effendi Zographos...
^ Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος (1820-1896) Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. "Καταγόταν από την Ήπειρο αλλά εργαζόταν στην Κωνσταντινούπολη ως τραπεζίτης. Ήταν ένας από τους κύριους συντελεστές της ίδρυσης της Γενικής εταιρείας του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Στήριξε οικονομικά την ελληνική παιδεία και συνέβαλε σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξή της. Προσέφερε γενναίες δωρεές σε κάθε τομέα των γραμμάτων και των επιστημών. Επίσης, ίδρυσε τα «Ζωγράφεια» ιδρύματα." Accessed: December 3, 2008.
^ Ruches (1967) p. 81
^ Fatma Müge Göçek. Rise of the bourgeoisie, demise of empire: Ottoman westernization and social change. Oxford University Press US, 1996. ISBN 978-0-19-509925-6 p. 178.
^ Braude Benjamin, Lewis Bernard. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The central lands. v. 2. The Arabic-speaking lands. Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1982. ISBN 978-0-8419-0519-1, p. 196
^ Alexandrēs Alexēs. The Greek minority of Istanbul and Greek-Turkish relations, 1918-1974. Center for Asia Minor Studies, 1983, p. 47
^ Ruches (1967) p. 82
^ http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/57/25/PDF/de_Rapper_2005a.pdf ...were stigmatised in Albanian historiography as shovinistë and borgjezë (chauvinist, bourgeois) who had worked to destroy the Albanian nation by pretending that all Orthodox Christians were Greek or should be Greek, and by supporting the opening of Greek schools in Lunxhëri and elsewhere. In consequence of this negative propaganda, the last people who still hold the family name Zografi in their village of origin, Qestorat, were persecuted during communism....its re-opening as a museum of Lunxhëri...

10. Yilmaz Öztuna. Bir darbenin anatomisi. 1982, p111

Sources

Pepelasis Minoglou, Ioanna (October 2002). "Ethnic minority groups in international banking: Greek diaspora bankers of Constantinople and Ottoman state finances, c. 1840–81". Financial History Review (PDF). 9 (2): 125–146. doi:10.1017/S0968565002000112. S2CID 154756950.
Ruches, Pyrrhus J. (1967). Albanian historical folksongs 1716-1943. Argonaut Inc.
Seni, Nora (November 1994). "The Camondos and Their Imprint on 19th-Century Istanbul" (PDF). International Journal of Middle East Studies. 26 (4): 663–675. doi:10.1017/s002074380006116x. JSTOR 163808. S2CID 162792425.

[1] Archives de Paris, Etat-civil, Décès, 1893-1902, XVIe arr., n° 865.

[2] Karpat, Kemal H. (2001). The politicization of Islam: reconstructing identity, state, faith, and community in the late Ottoman state. Oxford University Press US. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-19-513618-0. With financial support from the Greek government and rich Greeks, including Abdulhamid's own friends, G. Zarifis, the banker, and Christaki Effendi Zographos...

[3] Χρηστάκης Ζωγράφος (1820-1896) Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. "Καταγόταν από την Ήπειρο αλλά εργαζόταν στην Κωνσταντινούπολη ως τραπεζίτης. Ήταν ένας από τους κύριους συντελεστές της ίδρυσης της Γενικής εταιρείας του Οθωμανικού κράτους. Στήριξε οικονομικά την ελληνική παιδεία και συνέβαλε σημαντικά στην ανάπτυξή της. Προσέφερε γενναίες δωρεές σε κάθε τομέα των γραμμάτων και των επιστημών. Επίσης, ίδρυσε τα «Ζωγράφεια» ιδρύματα." Accessed: December 3, 2008.

[4] Ruches (1967) p. 81

[5] Fatma Müge Göçek. Rise of the bourgeoisie, demise of empire: Ottoman westernization and social change. Oxford University Press US, 1996. ISBN 978-0-19-509925-6 p. 178.

[6] Braude Benjamin, Lewis Bernard. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The central lands. v. 2. The Arabic-speaking lands. Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1982. ISBN 978-0-8419-0519-1, p. 196

[7] Alexandrēs Alexēs. The Greek minority of Istanbul and Greek-Turkish relations, 1918-1974. Center for Asia Minor Studies, 1983, p. 47

[8] Ruches (1967) p. 82

[9] ttp://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/57/25/PDF/de_Rapper_2005a.pdf ...were stigmatised in Albanian historiography as shovinistë and borgjezë (chauvinist, bourgeois) who had worked to destroy the Albanian nation by pretending that all Orthodox Christians were Greek or should be Greek, and by supporting the opening of Greek schools in Lunxhëri and elsewhere. In consequence of this negative propaganda, the last people who still hold the family name Zografi in their village of origin, Qestorat, were persecuted during communism....its re-opening as a museum of Lunxhëri...

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