Constance of York, Countess of Gloucester

Constance of York, Countess of Gloucester (c. 1375 – 28 November 1416) was the only daughter of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and his wife Isabella of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile and his favourite mistress, María de Padilla.

English Royalty
House of York
Arms of Plantagenet
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke
Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke Constance, Countess of Gloucester Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge
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Constance was born in about 1375, the only daughter of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and his wife, Isabella of Castile, the youngest daughter of King Peter of Castile and his mistress, María de Padilla.^[2]

Constance married Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, who was created Earl of Gloucester by King Richard II on 29 September 1397, but after Richard's deposition and the accession of King Henry IV some of Thomas's lands were seized and he was degraded from the earldom. In consequence, he and others joined in a plot in December 1399 (known as the Epiphany Rising) to assassinate King Henry and restore King Richard to the throne. According to a French chronicle, the plot was betrayed to the king by Constance's brother, Edward; however, contemporary English chronicles make no mention of Edward's alleged role. Gloucester escaped immediate capture, but was eventually turned in to the authorities at Bristol, where he was beheaded on 13 January 1400.^[3] After her husband's death, Constance was granted a life interest in the greater part of his lands and custody of her son due her close kinship to the king.^[4]

In February 1405, during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, Constance herself instigated a plot to abduct the young Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and his brother, Roger Mortimer, from Windsor Castle.^{[citation needed]} She apparently intended to deliver the young Earl, who had the best claim to the English throne of any of Henry IV's rivals, to his uncle Sir Edmund Mortimer,^{[citation needed]} who was married to Glyndwr's daughter, Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr.^[5] The young Edmund Mortimer and his brother were recaptured before entering Wales. Constance implicated her elder brother, Edward, in the plot, as a result of which he was imprisoned for 17 weeks at Pevensey Castle. He was eventually restored to Henry IV's favour. Constance was sent to Kenilworth Castle and also eventually had her seized property returned.

Shortly before 7 November 1397, Constance married Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1373–1400),^[6] third but first surviving son of Edward le Despenser and Elizabeth Burghersh, by whom she had a son and two daughters:^[7]

• Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh (1396–1414). He married Lady Eleanor Neville (c. 1397 – 1472), daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (d. 1425) and Joan Beaufort (d. 1440), daughter of John of Gaunt by Katherine Swynford. He died young without issue.
• Elizabeth (died young c. 1398).
• Isabel, born after her father's execution. She married, firstly, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester (d. 1422). A daughter, Elizabeth, Lady Abergavenny (b. 1415) was the sole product of this union. Following Worcester's death, she married Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick; they were parents to Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick and Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick.

After her husband's death, Constance was either betrothed to or lived as the mistress of Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (1383–1408),^[8] by whom she had an illegitimate daughter, Eleanor Holland,^[9] who married James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (died 1459).

Constance died in 1416 after the accession of Henry V, outliving both her siblings, but she was buried at the High Altar in Reading Abbey as late as 1420. ^{[citation needed]}

• Cokayne, George Edward (1959). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. Vol. XII(2). London: St. Catherine Press.
• Harriss, Gerald Leslie (2004). "Richard, earl of Cambridge (1385–1415)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23502. Retrieved 4 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
• Horrox, Rosemary (2004). "Edward, second duke of York (c. 1373–1415)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22356. Retrieved 18 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Liss, Peggy K. (1992) Isabel the Queen: Life and Times. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195073560.
• Pugh, T. B. (1988). Henry V and the Southampton Plot of 1415. Alan Sutton. ISBN 9780862995416.
• Reston, James (2005) Dogs of God. New York: Doubleday.
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 9781461045205.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Tait, James. "'Plantagenet,' Edward" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 45. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 401–404.
• Tuck, Anthony (2004). "Edmund , first duke of York (1341–1402)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16023. Retrieved 18 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Works related to Edward of Langley, 2nd Duke of York at Wikisource: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Vol. 45.