Yoon Se-ri (Son Ye-jin) is a successful South Korean businesswoman and chaebol heiress. One day, while paragliding in Seoul, she is blown off course by a tornado and crash-lands in the North Korean portion of the DMZ. Ri Jeong-hyeok (Hyun Bin), a member of the North Korean elite and a captain in the Korean People's Army is patrolling and discovers Se-ri. He is persuaded to hide her and help her return to the South.
Plot
One day, while Yoon Se-ri (Son Ye-jin) is paragliding in Seoul, a sudden tornado blows her off course and knocks her out. She awakens to find her paraglide hanging in a tree in a forest in the North Korean portion of the DMZ. There she meets Ri Jeong-hyeok (Hyun Bin), who eventually gives her shelter and develops plans to help her return to South Korea secretly. Over time, they fall in love, despite the divide between their respective countries.
Back in South Korea, Yoon Se-ri's family suppresses the news of her disappearance, fearing it will depress the stock price of Queens Group. Just before Se-ri went missing, her retiring father had told his family that he intended to make her his successor, based on her ability as a businesswoman, which she proved by building her own company, Seri's Choice. Her half-brothers, Yoon Se-jun (Choi Dae-hoon) and Yoon Se-hyung (Park Hyung-soo), each hoped to be their father's replacement but they have struggled to manage the subsidiaries under their control. The brothers are supported by equally-ambitious wives, Do Hye-ji (Hwang Woo-seul-hye) and Go Sang-ah (Yoon Ji-min), respectively. In Se-ri's absence, Se-hyung uses unscrupulous means to win the succession battle, while his wife Sang-ah attempts to take over Se-ri's Choice.
Se-ri and Jeong-hyeok's story is intertwined with that of Seo Dan (Seo Ji-hye) and Gu Seung-jun (Kim Jung-hyun). Dan is the sophisticated daughter of a wealthy North Korean department store owner. She has been studying the cello in Russia for several years but returns to marry Jeong-hyeok, to whom she is engaged through an arranged marriage though they have only met a few times. As she returns to Pyongyang, she crosses paths more than once with Gu Seung-jun, who has fled to North Korea (with the protection of corrupt North Korean officials) in order to escape the pursuit of Se-hyung, under whose incompetent watch he had embezzled large amounts of funds.
The first half of the story (episodes 1–9) follows Jeong-hyeok's attempts to hide Se-ri and facilitate her return to South Korea. They are impeded by Cho Cheol-gang (Oh Man-seok), a corrupt and ruthless officer from the Ministry of State Security, who previously arranged the murder of Jeong-hyeok's elder brother, an officer who tried to expose him for crimes against the North Korean regime. Jeong-hyeok's attachment to Se-ri distresses not only Dan, his fiancée, but also his father, a high-ranking political figure. If it became known that Jeong-hyeok harbored a South Korean citizen, it could be used by rival officials to ruin their family.
In the second half of the story (episodes 10–16), Se-ri has returned to South Korea and resumes leadership of her company, surprising her family and others who had thought her dead. Cheol-gang is convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment but escapes custody and infiltrates South Korea to go after Se-ri for revenge. Jeong-hyeok goes to South Korea to protect Se-ri from Cheol-gang. His subordinates follow, sent to Seoul by his father to retrieve him. Meanwhile, in North Korea, despite hostile initial encounters, Dan and Seung-jun fall in love and she shelters him when corrupt officers betray him to Se-hyung's gangsters.
A proficient but emotionally-reserved captain of Company Five in the Korean People's Army who is stationed along the North Korean portion of the DMZ. He is well-respected by the unit he leads and the locals of the rural village he resides in. A piano prodigy, he was studying to become a concert pianist in Switzerland before being forced to join the North Korean military after his elder brother died in a mysterious car accident. While he comes from a powerful political family, his father being the Director of the General Political Bureau, he prefers to hide his lineage in order to secretly investigate his elder brother's death. He protects Se-ri after she accidentally crash-lands into his patrol territory. As he tries to help Se-ri find her way back into South Korea, he begins to fall in love with her and realizes that he has met her before when he was travelling in Switzerland with Dan.
A successful South Korean CEO and chaebol heiress. She has a troubled family history as she is her father's illegitimate child, resulting in a strained relationship with her stepmother due to a childhood misunderstanding. She is also involved in an upcoming family succession battle, the latter making her the target of resentment from her half-brothers and their wives. After she rejects her brother's attempt to force her into an arranged marriage that would send her to the United Kingdom, she has numerous casual relationships with celebrities, but never develops any close companionships. She is nonetheless an independently wealthy businesswoman who runs her own successful fashion and beauty company, Seri's Choice. She is known for being a demanding boss, and a picky eater who practices intermittent fasting. She meets Jeong-hyeok after accidentally crash-landing in North Korea due to a paragliding accident, and falls in love with him as he shelters her in the North Korean military housing, where she becomes close to the ajummas and four of his subordinates.
A North Korean department store heiress and aspiring cellist who is also Jeong-hyeok's fiancée through an affianced marriage arranged by their parents. While she has been infatuated with Jeong-hyeok since they were middle-school classmates, he doesn't reciprocate her feelings but agrees to the marriage out of a sense of duty towards his parents. Before the wedding, Dan desperately tries to prevent the marriage from becoming a sham after realising that Jeong-hyeok has never loved her from the start. She eventually falls for Seung-jun.
An intelligent, charming, but poor South Korean conman with British citizenship. After his father was scammed by Se-ri's father, leading to his family's bankruptcy, he ingratiates himself with Se-ri's brother, Se-hyung, in order to embezzle from Queens Group. Se-hyung attempts to marry off Se-ri to Seung-jun, but Se-ri senses his ill intentions on their first meeting and rejects him. Seung-jun nonetheless successfully cheats a fortune from the company under Se-hyung's watch, and flees to North Korea to avoid arrest, while under the pursuit of gangsters hired by Se-hyung. He eventually falls for Dan after they run into each other on many occasions.
An acerbic sergeant-major in Company Five, who enjoys drinking "medicine" on and off the job, and antagonizing Se-ri because of his paranoia against South Koreans. Despite his grumpy attitude towards Se-ri, he eventually grows to care for her.
A jovial corporal in Company Five who uses his fascination with Korean dramas to explain South Korean culture to his colleagues. He is frequently called out for watching dramas instead of working.
An innocent lance-corporal in Company Five, who is the sole provider of his family and the youngest member of the unit. He has over nine years of military service left to complete and misses his mother dearly.
Se-ri's stepmother. She struggles to reconcile her resentment towards Se-ri as a product of her husband's infidelity with Se-ri's sincere love and affection towards her.
Dan's ambitious mother who is also a successful North Korean department store owner. She is eager to see her daughter marry Jeong-hyeok and enjoys a playful, occasionally violent relationship with her brother, Myeong-seok. She has a tendency to insert English words into her speech to appear more sophisticated.
The no-nonsense chief of the People's Unit (head of the village) who occasionally gets into arguments with Se-ri but eventually warms up to her. She has a tendency to drink and say embarrassing things.
Senior Colonel Kim's wife who strongly influences her husband. The other women in the village fawn over her and she is easily susceptible to Se-ri's flattery. She is frustrated by her son's subpar performance in school despite hiring a university student to tutor him.
A lieutenant-commander in the Ministry of State Security who is the principal villain of the story. An orphan, he is corrupt and heads a vast criminal operation that stretches across the Korean peninsula, including harboring fugitives such as Seung-jun while having no qualms about turning them over to the highest bidder.[12]
A North Korean wiretapper coerced by Cheol-gang to facilitate criminal activities, which has made him feel guilty about his work. He is known as "The Rat" among members of the village due to his job, resulting in his family being ostracized. Forced to facilitate Mu-hyeok's death despite being a recipient of his kindness, Man-bok hopes to atone for his betrayal by assisting Jeong-hyeok.[12]
A senior colonel who is Jeong-hyeok's superior and Young-ae's husband. He is known to be controlled by his wife. He dislikes Jeong-hyeok but, after learning of his real identity as the son of the Director of the General Political Bureau, he tries his best to please him.
An actress whom Kim Ju-meok idolizes from his secret viewing of Korean dramas.
Episodes
No.
Title
Original release date
South Korea viewers (millions)
1
"Episode 1"
December 14, 2019 (2019-12-14)
1.508
After ten years estrangement, Yoon Se-ri's father unexpectedly names her his successor. The next day, she's blown into North Korea. Ri Jeong-hyeok and his subordinates chase her up and down the DMZ.
2
"Episode 2"
December 15, 2019 (2019-12-15)
1.773
Se-ri persuades Jeong-hyeok not to turn her in, but State Security Officer Cho Cheol-gang finds her hiding in a kimchi cellar. Jeong-hyeok saves her by claiming she's his fiancée.
3
"Episode 3"
December 21, 2019 (2019-12-21)
1.894
Seo Dan, Jeong-hyeok's real fiancée, returns from Russia. She runs into Gu Seung-jun, who swindled Se-ri's brother and was briefly engaged to Se-ri, at Pyongyang airport. An attempt to return Se-ri to South Korea by boat fails.
4
"Episode 4"
December 22, 2019 (2019-12-22)
2.225
Dan keeps running into Seung-jun. Se-ri gets lost in a marketplace. She's found by Jeong-hyeok.
5
"Episode 5"
December 28, 2019 (2019-12-28)
2.210
Jeong-hyeok plans to send Se-ri home by way of Europe. They travel to Pyongyang to obtain a passport photo. Seung-jun, fleeing for his life from agents of her brother, recognizes Se-ri. He drags her away, seeing her as a pawn in negotiations with her brother.
6
"Episode 6"
December 29, 2019 (2019-12-29)
2.414
Jeong-hyeok rescues Se-ri from Seung-jun. Dan organizes a dinner at which Jeong-hyeok agrees their wedding should take place soon. On the way to Pyongyang airport, Se-ri is attacked. Jeong-hyeok defends her and is shot.
7
"Episode 7"
January 11, 2020 (2020-01-11)
2.510
Se-ri donates blood for Jeong-hyeok. He dreams he's playing a piano beside a Swiss lake. Seung-jun again captures Se-ri. He tells her she doesn't need Jeong-hyeok anymore. In South Korea, Se-ri's family declares her dead.
8
"Episode 8"
January 12, 2020 (2020-01-12)
3.043
Seung-jun proposes to Se-ri. Jeong-hyeok fights to see her. She escapes with him. Later, she's kidnapped.
9
"Episode 9"
January 18, 2020 (2020-01-18)
2.941
Se-ri is thrown into an attic by Jeong-hyeok's father. Jeong-hyeok arrives and arranges her return to South Korea the next day.
10
"Episode 10"
January 19, 2020 (2020-01-19)
3.927
Se-ri basks in South Korean luxury but misses Jeong-hyeok. Cheol-gang escapes imprisonment in North Korea. In South Korea, he sets out to kill Se-ri. Jeong-hyeok follows Cheol-gang to the South. His father sends his subordinates after him.
11
"Episode 11"
February 1, 2020 (2020-02-01)
3.726
Se-ri contends with her brother and sister-in-law who covet her very successful company. Cheol-gang stalks her. In North Korea, Seung-jun is still pursued by agents of Se-ri's brother and has nowhere to stay. Dan lets him use her apartment.
12
"Episode 12"
February 2, 2020 (2020-02-02)
4.782
The subordinates search for Se-ri and Jeong-hyeok in South Korea. They finally find them. Seung-jun opens up to Dan.
13
"Episode 13"
February 8, 2020 (2020-02-08)
3.998
Se-ri's brother conspires with Cheol-gang to trap Se-ri. In the ensuing melee, Se-ri is severely wounded.
14
"Episode 14"
February 9, 2020 (2020-02-09)
5.119
Se-ri lies in a coma. The South Korean National Intelligence Service investigates. Jeong-hyeok confronts Cheol-gang.
15
"Episode 15"
February 15, 2020 (2020-02-15)
4.898
Cheol-gang is killed and Jeong-hyeok arrested. Seung-jun gives Dan the engagement ring he'd bought for Se-ri. He is killed defending Dan. Se-ri has a relapse.
16
"Episode 16"
February 16, 2020 (2020-02-16)
6.337
Jeong-hyeok returns to North Korea. Se-ri finds reminders of him that he left behind for her. She makes yearly visits to Switzerland.
The premise of Crash Landing on You was inspired by a real event involving South Korean actress Jung Yang.[14][3][15] In September 2008, Yang and three others had to be rescued after bad fog had caused their leisure boat to drift "into the maritime boundary between North and South Korea".[14][16]Park Ji-eun, the drama's screenwriter,[14] was introduced to North Korean defector turned film adviser and writer Kwak Moon-wan, who became part of the writing team.[17][18] Kwak, who studied film directing in Pyongyang and had also been a member of an elite security force protecting the Kims, helped in crafting the plot and in conceptualizing the setting and scenes portraying North Korean life.[17][18]
Netflix's investment also helped the show to garner the budget of US$20 million.
Filming
The production process proved to be "painstakingly meticulous", owing both to South Korea's relationship with North Korea, as well as to avoid any unintentional violations of the 1948 National Security Act which forbids public praise or propaganda of North Korea and the Kim family.[19] The script avoided the use of the honorific Chairman to refer to North Korea's leaders, as well as visible propaganda signs and mentions of Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, or Kim Jong Un (while their mandatory portraits were usually either blurred or obscured by the camera angles). In addition, the North Korean lapel pins used by North Korean characters were one third smaller than their actual size.[20]Props manager Joo Dong-man said the crew did not have a "guidebook on multiple hurdles he had to hop over — skillfully and delicately — to accurately depict the country while dodging criticism" and, thus, had to be careful "not to misrepresent the state". Their research was also guided by North Koreans living in South Korea.[3][19]
The first script reading took place on July 31, 2019, in Sangam-dong, Seoul, and filming overseas started at the end of August 2019.[21] North Korean scenes were shot in South Korea and Mongolia.[3] Scenes that took place in Switzerland were shot on location.[3] The village of Iseltwald, one such location, experienced a tourism boom as a result.[22][23]
Original soundtrack
Crash Landing on You (Original Television Soundtrack)
The following is the official track list of Crash Landing on You (Original Television Soundtrack) album. The tracks with no indicated lyricists and composers are the drama's musical score; the artists indicated for these tracks are the tracks' composers themselves.[24][25][26]Singles included on the album were released from December 15, 2019, to February 16, 2020.[27]
Crash Landing on You was a huge success in China. The hashtag for the final episode received over 460 million views on Weibo.[41]
The show was also popular in Japan[14] during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic via Netflix.[42][43] While the Korean Wave is a historically prominent component of media within Japan, Crash Landing on You has been especially influential there, in part due to its portrayal of daily life in North Korea.[42] The series was featured on Japanese-Netflix's top 10 for 69 consecutive weeks.[44]
In the United States, Variety named Crash Landing on You one of "The Best International Shows on Netflix",[46] and one of the "Best International TV Series of 2020".[47]Time also ranked it as one of the best Korean dramas on Netflix.[48] Jo Walker of The Guardian's "Stream Team" called it "addictively off-the-wall, heartbreaking and hilarious."[49] Adella Suliman and Stella Kim of NBC News also suggested that the drama "features all the ingredients a viewer could wish for" and has "drawn a global audience of millions, many no doubt searching for entertainment as they while away their time in coronavirus-related lockdowns".[50]
Representation of and reception in South and North Korea
General
Although the series is a work of fiction, it has received positive reviews from North Korean defectors for its depiction of everyday life in North Korea. At the same time, some details, such as the availability of food, relatively warm behavior of the army and the ease with which the characters cross the border have been criticized.[52][20][17][53][50] Kim Ah-ra, one of the extras who portrayed a North Korean villager, is a writer and actress from North Korea who states that she felt "like [she] was actually back in a North Korean village".[53]
Kwak Moon-wan, a North Korean defector, who had served with the Supreme Guard Command (which protects the ruling Kim family) worked as an adviser for the series, providing the writers with details about life in North Korea as well as North Korean governmental agencies that added credibility to the show.[54] He acknowledged some of the criticism, admitting that he has taken liberties with the depiction of North Korea (such as not mentioning food shortages), but rejected the claim that he was glamorizing the regime or drawing a false equivalence, saying that the show also depicted some of the darker aspect of life under the regime, such as the issue of kotjebi (child homelessness) and the frequent power cuts. Some North Korean refugees, such as Chun Hyo-jin, who defected from the border village of Hyesan at the age of nineteen, tend to agree: "Even if what they say, that it glamorizes North Korea, is true, would they choose to live there? I don't think so." Even though the drama leaves political matters aside, which are essential to the North Korea issue as she sees it, she says it still is of great significance: "Its depiction of North Korea is a bit far from reality, but it has made the people interested in North Korea."[55] The drama's producer Lee Jung-hyo said during a press conference in Seoul in December: "I know some people are uncomfortable about our subject, North Korea, but we don't portray a wholly authentic North Korea in our drama. Most settings are closer to a fantasy, although some aspects do reflect real North Korean life."[56]
Kang Na-ra, a North Korean defector who advised the show's production team, stated that about 60% of North Korea's depiction in the show is accurate:[57] "The richer families in North Korea like to show off their wealth by adding lace curtains to their windows. So that was pretty well portrayed." She also appreciated the detail about kimchi caves: "Since rural North Korea doesn't get electricity, they don't have refrigerators. They have kimchi caves where they store kimchi, and that was also recreated well."[58] House checks are also a regular affair. She revealed that she once had to hide inside a furnace at the house of the broker who helped her escape in order to avoid detection. In the drama, the heiress has to hide in the kimchi storage area when security forces come knocking one night. As depicted in the drama, North Koreans are allowed to choose only from a fixed list of hair styles — 18 for women and 28 for men. Kang said that "there's a punishment for you if you don't comply" in an interview with YouTube channel DKDKTV.[59] On the other hand, as she explained in a YouTube video, the characters were able to slip across the border much more easily than in real life: "I had to pay a broker 10 million won (US$8,400) to swim across the Yalu river [which borders North Korea and China] while being shot at from behind by soldiers [when I escaped]."[60] Cartoonist Choi Seong-guk, who defected to the South in 2011, also said the drama set is 60% accurate. The portrayal of jangmadang, or local markets where all kinds of goods, including imports from South Korea, are sold is especially real, he told The Sunday Times. However, he felt that the drama "glamorized the soldiers too much, almost to an uncomfortable extent". He said North Korean men enter the military when they are 17 and serve for 10 to 13 years, and "during this time, they are...ruthless and harsh, robbing homes and raping women at night".[59] Still, he hopes the drama will make its way to North Korea and go viral: "I hope the North Koreans who see this drama will realize how positively the South Koreans think of them and learn to change."[59]
There were also critical responses to the themes of the drama in both regions. In January 2020, The Christian Liberal Party (CLP) filed a complaint in South Korea against tvN at the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency, accusing the network of glamorizing North Korea through this series, in violation of the National Security Law.[61][62][unreliable source?][63] Then, in March 2020, a few North Korean media outlets criticized unnamed South Korean programs and films that explored relations between North and South Korea. While Crash Landing on You was not directly mentioned by the media outlets, it was perceived to be among the referenced works. Another is the 2019 film Ashfall, although that film was also not directly cited in the articles.[64][65]
Scholarship
Stephen Epstein (Victoria University of Wellington) and Christopher Green (Leiden University) suggest that while Crash Landing on You is formulaic, it also "is a crucial text for evaluating ongoing change in South Korean popular representations of its neighbour. Indeed, given the concerted use of North Korean backdrops in Crash Landing on You and the size and global extent of its audiences, the show is likely the most noteworthy South Korean popular culture representation of North Korea yet produced."[66] Yun Suk-jin, a professor at Chungnam National University concurs, noting that the series "changed the stereotypes on North Korea and candidly showed that it too is a place where people live".[53] Sarah A. Son, lecturer in Korean Studies at the University of Sheffield also agrees, noting that Crash Landing on You responds to the "socio-cultural divide" between the North and the South, which academic scholarship cites as one of the biggest obstacles to future unification. Son argues that "through the re-framing of stereotypes, albeit with some creative licence, Crash Landing on You arguably humanises the North for its audience in ways that inter-Korean dialogue has not in recent years. Despite its soft-focus romanticisation of the political situation, Crash Landing on You brings the pain of the division to a personal level for a generation of Koreans who, unlike their grandparents, have no memory of what it was like to be a single nation."[18]
Joanna Elfving-Hwang, associate professor of Korean Studies at the University of Western Australia notes that "North Korea tends to appear in our imagination as the 'axis of evil', we think of [negative things like] nuclear weapons and human rights abuses...this drama has dared to think about North Korean people differently and represented them as quite human and quite Korean".[60] Steve Hung Lok-wai, a Korean Affairs expert from the Chinese University of Hong Kong states that the drama sidestepped larger political issues through a narrative that did not end with the male lead's defection: "Lots of people questioned whether the male lead, the North Korean soldier, would end up defecting to the South for love, but they were able to sidestep that scenario and gave it a plausible ending where the two would meet in Switzerland." This, he argues, is "quite smart because they avoided all the real taboos but made it believable enough where it would make people think about these political problems".[60] John Delury, a professor at Yonsei University, praised the series for its decision to draw parallels between powerful families in both the South and the North, and to humanize North Koreans beyond generic stereotypes.[67]
Crash Landing on You : South Korea viewers per episode (millions)
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Season
Episode number
Average
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1
1.508
1.773
1.894
2.225
2.210
2.414
2.510
3.043
2.941
3.927
3.726
4.782
3.998
5.119
4.898
6.337
3.331
Source: Audience measurement performed nationwide by Nielsen Korea.[70]
In the table above, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
This series aired on a cable channel/pay TV which normally has a relatively smaller audience compared to free-to-air TV/public broadcasters (KBS, SBS, MBC and EBS).
Accolades
In May 2020 the show's scriptwriter, Park Ji-eun, was named "Person of the Year" by South Korea's Unification Ministry, for contributing to "unification education".[50][72]
On March 29, 2021, it was announced that Crash Landing on You would be adapted into a musical and the production companies Pop Music and T2N Media had completed a global copyright contract with Studio Dragon.[86] The musical was performed at the Shinhan Card Artium, COEX, Gangnam District, Seoul from September 16 to November 13, 2022.[87]
In 2024, the Japanese all-female theater troupeTakarazuka Revue will stage a musical adaptation of the series under the title "愛の不時着" and it will run in November to December in Tokyo Tatemono Brillia Hall and Umeda Arts Theater. It will be directed by Kazunori Nakamura, and will star Jun Asami as Ri Jeong-hyeok and Aya Yumeshiro as Yoon Se-ri. This will be the debut performance of Jun Asami as the leading actress (Top Star) of the Snow Troupe.[88]
^Kim Ah-ra is a real North Korean defector who also appeared in Now On My Way to Meet You. In the variety show, she explained her impressions on filming and the comparisons with the real North Korea.
^Yoon Seol-mi is a real North Korean defector. She is an accordion player and, in the drama, she sells goods to passengers while playing her accordion.
^A short crossover scene that alludes to Kim Soo-hyun's previous work, Secretly, Greatly (2011), where the character originally appears.
^ abThe broadcast was delayed due to the 2020 Lunar New Year special broadcast.
^ abOn December 31, 2019, it was announced that the series would take a temporary hiatus and postponed the episodes that were scheduled to air on January 4 and 5. It was in order to protect the cast and crew from unsafe filming conditions due to the cold winter weather. Instead, tvN aired reruns of previous episodes that were specially re-edited for viewers.[71]
^"사랑의 불시착 OST" [Crash Landing on You OST]. tvN (in Korean). Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
^"사랑의 불시착 OST" [Crash Landing on You OST]. Bugs! (in Korean). February 16, 2020. Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
^성명서 [반국가단체를 미화시켜 대한민국을 선동하는 정부와 방송사 tvN을 규탄한다] [Statement [We condemn anti-state organizations and the (Moon Jae-in) government and broadcasting company tvN for glorifying North Korea]]. clparty.kr (in Korean). Christian Liberal Party. January 8, 2020. Archived from the original on January 19, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
^Lee Jeong-yeon (July 5, 2022). 드라마 '사랑의 불시착' 뮤지컬로 재탄생 [연예뉴스 HOT] [Drama 'Crash Landing on You' is reborn as a musical [Entertainment News HOT]] (in Korean). Sports Dong-a. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved July 6, 2022 – via Naver.