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Erwise

Erwise
Developer(s)Kim Nyberg, Teemu Rantanen, Kati Suominen, Kari Sydänmaanlakka[1]
Initial release0.1 / 15 April 1992; 32 years ago (1992-04-15)
Final release
0.1 / 25 April 1994; 30 years ago (1994-04-25)
Repositorynone Edit this at Wikidata
Written inC
PlatformUnix (Sun-4,[2] NeXT/CubX,[2] DEC[2] Ultrix) using Motif[1]
Available inEnglish
Typeweb browser
LicensePublic Domain
Websitewww.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/Erwise/Review.html Edit this on Wikidata

Erwise is an early discontinued web browser, and the first that was available for the X Window System.[3][4]

Released in April 1992, the browser was written for Unix computers running X and used the W3 common access library.[5] Erwise was the combined master's project of four Finnish students at the Helsinki University of Technology[6] (now merged into Aalto University): Kim Nyberg, Teemu Rantanen, Kati Suominen and Kari Sydänmaanlakka.[1][2][7] The group decided to make a web browser at the suggestion of Robert Cailliau, who was visiting the university,[8] and were supervised by Ari Lemmke.

The development of Erwise halted after the students graduated and went on to other projects.[2] Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the World Wide Web, travelled to Finland to encourage the group to continue with the project. However, none of the project members could afford to continue with the project without proper funding.[2]

The name Erwise originates from otherwise and the name of the project group, OHT.[8][9][10]

Development

For the web to be popularized, Tim Berners-Lee knew that what people wanted was a GUI-based browser – one that could target multiple operating systems, and most importantly, be easy-to-use for the technologically challenged. At the time, personal computers were also confusing to some people that were not experienced with technology.

History

  • Extremely pre-documented (in Finnish).[9]
  • Serious coding started around March 1992.[9]
  • Alpha release available by anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch—binaries only (sun4 works, decstation too, display requires Motif) as of 15 April 1992.[9]
  • Source code released on www-talk August 92.[9]

Characteristics

The following are significant characteristics of the browser:

  • It used a multi-font text.[2]
  • The links of Erwise browser were underlined. To visit the links you had to double click on the links.[2]
  • Erwise could execute multiple window operation, though the optional single window mode was also available.
  • Erwise could open local files.[2]
  • Erwise had little English documentation.
  • Some of the buttons were for features that were not implemented.
  • Tim Berners-Lee would have continued with the works of Erwise.[3] He could not do so because Erwise's code was documented in the Finnish language.[11]

Criticism

Erwise crashed on some versions of Unix, which Berners-Lee attributed to poor Motif implementations.[2][12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Henrik Frystyk Nielsen (26 October 1999). "World Wide Web People – "Erwise" team". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tim Berners-Lee (29 April 1992). "Comparison with ViolaWWW". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  3. ^ a b Holwerda, Thom (3 March 2009). "The World's First Graphical Browser: Erwise". OSNews. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  4. ^ "Cern Authentication".
  5. ^ "Computing at CERN in the 1990s". cerncourier. 7 September 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  6. ^ Tim Berners-Lee. "What were the first WWW browsers?". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  7. ^ "The Greatest Internet Pioneers You Never Heard Of". Xconomy. Xconomy.com. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  8. ^ a b Stewart, Bill. "Web Browser History". Living Internet. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Status of "Erwise" browser". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  10. ^ "Helsingin Sanomat" (in Finnish). 10 February 2000. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
  11. ^ Gillies, James; Cailliau, Robert (2000). How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 211. ISBN 0-19-286207-3.
  12. ^ Tim Berners-Lee. "Viola and Erwise". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 15 June 2010.

Sources
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