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Hollis, New Hampshire

Hollis, New Hampshire
Town
Monument Square with Hollis Town Hall
Monument Square with Hollis Town Hall
Official seal of Hollis, New Hampshire
Seal
Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
Location in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire
Coordinates: 42°44′35″N 71°35′30″W / 42.74306°N 71.59167°W / 42.74306; -71.59167
CountryUnited States
StateNew Hampshire
CountyHillsborough
IncorporatedApril 3, 1746
Government
 • Select Board
  • David Petry, Chair
  • Susan Benz
  • Mark Le Doux
  • Tom Whalen
  • Joe Garruba
 • Town AdministratorLori Radke
Area
[1]
 • Total
32.30 sq mi (83.65 km2)
 • Land31.73 sq mi (82.18 km2)
 • Water0.57 sq mi (1.47 km2)  1.76%
Elevation
404 ft (123 m)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total
8,342
 • Density263/sq mi (101.5/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code
03049
Area code603
FIPS code33-37140
GNIS feature ID0873628
Websitewww.hollisnh.org

Hollis is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 8,342 at the 2020 census,[2] having grown 9% from the 2010 population of 7,684.[3] The town center village is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Hollis Village Historic District.

History

Town name

According to Samuel T. Worcester's history[4] which was commissioned by the town selectmen in 1878, the town was incorporated in the province of New Hampshire on April 3, 1746, "to have continence forever by the name of Holles..."[4]

Worcester argues that, at the time of the charter, Governor Benning Wentworth was indebted to Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, for his appointment as governor. According to Worcester, it was "very much the custom with Gov. Wentworth" to name towns in honor of his friends and patrons. Thus in the same year, the towns of Pelham and Holles were incorporated, and named after the duke. Worcester cites a Mr. Bancroft who,

"...in his history, says of him (Newcastle) that he was of so feeble a head, and so treacherous a heart that Sir Robert Walpole called his name 'Perfidy'; that Lord Halifax used to revile him as a knave and fool, and that he was so ignorant of this continent, that it was said of him, that he addressed his letters to the 'Island of New England.'"

Thomas Hollis (1659–1731) was a major benefactor of Harvard College. According to Worcester, about the year 1775, town records started appearing with the town's name spelled as "Hollis", after Thomas Hollis. Both spellings were used until about 1815, after which only the name "Hollis" appears, "...while Holles, the name of the Duke of Newcastle, has passed into merited oblivion."

First settlers

Peter Powers settlement marker

Captain Peter Powers (1707–1757), his wife Anna Keyes (1708–1798), and their two children Peter (1729–1800) and Stephen (born 1729) were the first settlers of Hollis, in 1731. In 1732, the Powers birthed the first child in Hollis, a daughter, also named Anna.[5]: 230, 249  According to Spaulding's history,[6]: 5  Powers "became a noted backwoodsman and colonial land surveyor," and eventually accrued approximately 1,500 acres (610 ha) in the north part of Hollis. Powers was also a militia officer in the French and Indian Wars and was commissioned captain by Governor Wentworth.[6]: 5 

The younger Peter was the first college graduate from Hollis, matriculating from Harvard in 1754. He served as pastor of churches throughout New England and died at the age of 71 in Deer Island, Maine.[4]: 287 

Notable events

  • From its charter in 1746 until about 1763, Hollis was engaged in a running border dispute with Dunstable (now Nashua, New Hampshire) over a small settlement at "One Pine Hill", near Flint Pond. The General Court eventually resolved the dispute in favor of Hollis.[4]: 74–80 
  • In 1769, a strip one and a quarter miles wide on the western border of Hollis was incorporated into the new town of Raby. In 1785, the General Court granted a petition of Raby to annex an additional three-quarters of a mile of the western Hollis border. In 1796, the name of Raby was changed to Brookline[4]: 89–92 
  • In 1770, by act of the General Court, Hollis annexed a portion of the town of Monson when its charter was repealed by its own request.[4]: 89 
  • In 1773, Hollis acquired some 500 acres (200 ha) more land from Dunstable in a dispute over the building and upkeep of a bridge over the Nashua River.[4]: 80–84 
  • In 1794, the town of Milford was incorporated, subsuming an area of 1,000 to 1,500 acres (400 to 610 ha) from the northwest corner of Hollis, resulting in a total size, by an 1806 survey, of some 30.67 square miles (79.4 km2).

Notable facts

The following is from Worcester's History of Hollis:

  • When Hollis was incorporated, the town tax list comprised 54 families.
  • By 1760, that number had risen to over 105 families.[4]: 100 
  • In 1767, two of the 384 slaves in New Hampshire resided in Hollis. In 1775, four of the 656 slaves in New Hampshire resided in Hollis.[4]: 116 
  • The first trial for murder in Hillsborough County was of Israel Wilkins Jr, of Hollis, for the murder of his father, Israel Wilkins Sr., on November 2, 1772.[7] The elder Wilkins died of "a blow upon the head...of the length three inches and the depth of one inch." Wilkins Jr. was found guilty of man-slaughter, pleaded benefit of clergy, and was subsequently branded upon the thumb with the letter "T", and forced to forfeit all his goods to the King.[4]: 125 
  • Two-thirds of the grantees of the charter for the town of Plymouth, New Hampshire, were from Hollis, causing Worcester to refer to it as "A Hollis Colony".[4]
  • Eight Hollis residents were killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill.[4]: 154 
  • 125 Hollis men were in the army in whole or in part during the year 1776, approximately one tenth of the population.[4]: 167 
  • 22 Hollis men died while in the army during the Revolutionary War.[4]: 202 
  • In 1820, Hollis had five grain mills, six saw mills, one clothing mill, two taverns and four stores. By 1878, it had one grain mill, no saw or clothing mills, no taverns, and one store.[4]: 266 

Railroad

Hollis was a station stop on the Worcester & Nashua Railroad, which built its line through the town in 1848 as part of a through route between Worcester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine. The line was later acquired in 1886 by the Boston & Maine Railroad. The WN&P from Hollis to Nashua, New Hampshire, was abandoned in 1941, and the B&M subsequently renamed the remaining line south to Ayer, Massachusetts the Hollis Branch. The B&M continued to provide freight service until the Hollis Branch was abandoned in 1982, with a fuel dealer being the last rail customer in town.[8]

Geography

Hollis is in southern New Hampshire, along the southern edge of Hillsborough County. Its southern border is the Massachusetts state line. The town is bordered to the east by the city of Nashua.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 32.3 square miles (83.6 km2), of which 31.7 square miles (82.2 km2) are land and 0.58 square miles (1.5 km2) are water, comprising 1.76% of the town.[1] The highest point in Hollis is the summit of Birch Hill, at 821 feet (250 m) above sea level, located near the town's western border.

The Nashua River flows through the southeastern corner of the town out of Pepperell, Massachusetts and into Nashua. The Nissitissit River, a tributary of the Nashua, flows through the western part of the town. Pennichuck Brook rises near the center of town, north of Silver Lake, and drains the northern part of the town along with its tributary, Witches Brook. Pennichuck Brook and the Nashua River are tributaries of the Merrimack River, and Hollis lies fully within the Merrimack's watershed.[9]

Adjacent municipalities

Climate

Hollis is in USDA plant hardiness zone 5A.[10] The closest NOAA climate station is in Nashua. The nearby table shows applicable temperature and precipitation data by month.

Climate data for Hollis, NH (Nashua, NH Airport)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F 33.4 36.5 45.4 57.0 69.1 77.5 82.5 80.6 72.4 61.4 49.8 38.1 58.6
Daily mean °F 22.8 25.6 34.9 45.6 57.0 65.9 70.8 69.0 60.5 49.1 39.4 28.3 47.4
Mean daily minimum °F 12.1 14.6 24.4 34.1 44.9 54.2 59.1 57.3 48.6 36.8 28.9 18.4 36.1
Average precipitation inches 3.86 3.09 4.07 3.92 3.66 3.91 3.70 3.78 3.63 3.93 4.17 3.71 45.43
Average snowfall inches 15.7 14.4 11.0 1.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 12.4 58.7
Mean daily maximum °C 0.8 2.5 7.4 13.9 20.6 25.3 28.1 27.0 22.4 16.3 9.9 3.4 14.8
Daily mean °C −5.1 −3.6 1.6 7.6 13.9 18.8 21.6 20.6 15.8 9.5 4.1 −2.1 8.6
Mean daily minimum °C −11.1 −9.7 −4.2 1.2 7.2 12.3 15.1 14.1 9.2 2.7 −1.7 −7.6 2.3
Average precipitation mm 98 78 103 100 93 99 94 96 92 100 106 94 1,154
Average snowfall cm 40 37 28 4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.4 31 149
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in.) 9.8 8.8 10.7 10.4 11.3 11.2 10.0 9.4 9.3 9.4 10.7 10.1 121.1
Source: NOAA Climate Data for Nashua NH [11]

Demographics

Hollis population by age

  Under 18 (29.6%)
  18 to 24 (3.8%)
  25 to 44 (28.5%)
  45 to 64 (29.8%)
  65+ (8.3%)

As with many of the towns on the New Hampshire border with Massachusetts, Hollis is rapidly changing from mixed-use farmland (apple orchards, corn, pumpkins, and other vegetables) to a bedroom community for the 54% of working residents who work elsewhere in New Hampshire, and the 30% who work out of state.[12]

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 7,015 people, 2,440 households, and 2,025 families residing in the town. The population density was 221.0 inhabitants per square mile (85.3/km2). There were 2,491 housing units at an average density of 78.5 per square mile (30.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.59% White, 0.44% African American, 0.11% Native American, 1.65% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.93% of the population.

There were 2,440 households, out of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.9% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.0% were non-families. 13.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 29.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 98.0 men.

For the period 2014–2018, the median income for a household in the town was $132,500, and the median income for a family was $148,820. Men had a median income of $112,692 versus $73,971 for women. The per capita income for the town was $62,329. About 1.2% of the population were below the poverty line.[14]

Historical population change

Historical Population of Hollis
YearPop.±%
1767809—    
17751,255+55.1%
17831,392+10.9%
17901,441+3.5%
18001,557+8.0%
18101,529−1.8%
18201,543+0.9%
18301,501−2.7%
18401,333−11.2%
18501,293−3.0%
18601,370+6.0%
18701,079−21.2%
18801,077−0.2%
18901,000−7.1%
1900910−9.0%
1910935+2.7%
1920775−17.1%
1930870+12.3%
1940996+14.5%
19501,196+20.1%
19601,720+43.8%
19702,616+52.1%
19804,679+78.9%
19905,705+21.9%
20007,017+23.0%
20107,684+9.5%
20208,342+8.6%
Source:
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
Historical Population of Hollis, NH

The table to the right and nearby chart, taken primarily from historical data from the U.S. Census Bureau,[16] shows the population of Hollis from 1767 through 2010.[17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]

After nearly doubling in population over the last 33 years of the 18th century, Hollis' population consistently declined (excepting only the decade of the 1850s and the first decade of the 20th century) for 120 years, not returning to the levels of 1800 until sometime during the 1950s. Since 1930, Hollis' population has consistently grown, particularly during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.

Culture

Hollis has a number of town traditions and celebrations characteristic of old New England towns, including two harvest festivals and the annual celebration "Old Home Days."

Old Home Days

Hollis Old Home Days is "an annual weekend celebration of the days of 'Hollis Past'."[35] Old Home Days were originally established in New Hampshire in 1899, by then Governor Frank West Rollins, in an attempt to draw people back to New Hampshire towns. Hollis Old Home Days was reestablished in 1996 in commemoration of the town's 250th anniversary.[36] The 2010 event included "amusement rides, parade, barbecue, silent auction, booths, fireworks, live music, balloon rides, pet parade, heritage craft demonstrations" and various other activities.[37] It is generally held over the second weekend in September at Nichols Field in downtown Hollis.[38]

Hollis Strawberry Festival

The annual Strawberry Festival each June comprises a concert by the town band accompanied by a variety of strawberry-based treats for sale including strawberry shortcake, pie and ice cream made from locally grown strawberries.[39]

Hollis Apple Festival

The Hollis Apple Festival is held each year in October and includes a concert by the Hollis Town Band.[40][41] The festival previously included the Applefest Half Marathon, which was first run in 1983.[42] In 2008, it was named "Race of the Year" by New England Runner.[43] The Applefest was co-hosted by the Hollis Women's Club.[40]

Government

As of 2010, Hollis was part of the following state and federal legislative and executive districts:

Body District Extent
New Hampshire House of Representatives Hillsborough 27 and 40 District 40 includes Milford, Mont Vernon, and New Boston[44]
New Hampshire Senate 12 Including Rindge, New Ipswich, Greenville, Mason, Brookline, Hollis, and part of Nashua[45]
Executive Council of New Hampshire 5 Southwestern New Hampshire from Swanzey to Hudson and north to Hillsborough[46]
U.S. Congress 2 Western New Hampshire including Nashua, Concord, Plymouth and Keene and north to the Canada–US border[47]

Transportation

There are four New Hampshire State Routes within Hollis.

  • NH 111 cross the extreme southeastern corner of the town, connecting to Pepperell, Massachusetts, in the south and Nashua in the east. It is known locally as Runnells Bridge Road.
  • NH 111A starts at NH 111 and goes east into Nashua. It is known locally as Groton Road.
  • NH 122 is the main north–south route, running through the town center and connecting to Pepperell, Massachusetts, in the south and Amherst in the north. It is known locally as Pepperell Road, Main Street, and Silver Lake Road.
  • NH 130 is the main east–west route, running through the town center and connecting to Brookline in the west and Nashua in the east. It is known locally as Proctor Hill Road, Ash Street, and Broad Street.

Education

There are four schools in Hollis, two of which are part of the Hollis/Brookline Cooperative School District. Hollis Primary School serves kindergarten through third grade, and Hollis Upper Elementary School serves grades four through six. Hollis/Brookline Middle School serves seventh and eighth grade and Hollis/Brookline High School serves grades nine through twelve. Seventh grade is the first year that Hollis and Brookline students attend the same school. From then on, the student body is a combination of students from both neighboring towns. In past years, the graduating class was made up of about 100 students from each town, resulting in 200 students total. For many years, the current primary school was known as Hollis Elementary School and served kindergarten through grade six.

The current middle school (known as Hollis/Brookline Junior High School until 2001) was formerly Hollis/Brookline High School but became too small for the number of students attending. A new building was built and became the Hollis/Brookline Junior High School. However, the three buildings were still insufficient, and a new high school was opened in 1998. The former high school became the current middle school, the former middle school became Hollis Upper Elementary School, and the former Hollis Elementary became Hollis Primary.

The historic Farley Building (formerly known as simply the "White Building") is the original Hollis High School built in 1877 and continued to be used as a school building through the 2005–2006 school year. During this last year for the Farley Building, it contained classrooms for English, social studies, art, French, and Spanish. The Town of Hollis acquired the Farley Building from the Hollis School District in August 2007.

Hollis Primary School (K–3)
Hollis/Brookline Middle School (7–8)
The Farley Building (Historic)
Hollis/Brookline High School (9–12)

Notable people

  • Ludwig Ahgren (born 1995), YouTube streamer
  • Mary A. Blood (1851–1927), co-founder and first president of Columbia School of Oratory in Chicago[48]
  • Russell Findlay (born 1965), first Chief Marketing Officer of Major League Soccer, grew up in Hollis
  • Frank Merrill (1903–1955), remembered for his command of Merrill's Marauders, officially the 5307th Composite Unit (provisional), in the Burma Campaign of World War II
  • Pete Palmer (born 1938), sports statistician and encyclopedia editor
  • Endicott Peabody (1920–1997), former Massachusetts governor, spent his final years in Hollis after retiring from politics
  • Warren Rudman (1930–2012), former US senator from New Hampshire, also lived in Hollis after retirement from politics
  • Henry Aiken Worcester (1802–1841), 19th century Yale University alumni, Swedenborgian minister, and proponent of vegetarianism

References

  1. ^ a b "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Hollis town, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  3. ^ "QuickFacts: Hollis town, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire". US Census QuickFacts.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Worcester, Samuel T. (1879). History of the Town of Hollis New Hampshire. From its First Settlement to the Year 1879. University of Michigan: Press of O.C. Moore, Book and Job Printer. hollis nh.
  5. ^ Fox, Charles James (1846). History of the Old Township of Dunstable. Google Books: Charles. T. Gill. related:UOM39015000666027.
  6. ^ a b Spaulding, Charles S. (1925). An account of some of the early settlers of West Dunstable, Monson and Hollis NH. Harvard College Library: The Telegraph Press, Nashua NH.
  7. ^ "Bi-centennial of Old Dunstable: Address by Hon. S.T. Worcester, October 27, 1873. Also Colonel Bancroft's Personal Narrative of the Battle of Bunker Hill, and Some Notices of Persons and Families of the Early Times of Dunstable, Including Welds, Tyngs, Lovewells, Farwells, Fletchers, Bancrofts, Joneses and Cutlers"; cited by Google Books
  8. ^ "Abandonment Notices".
  9. ^ Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
  10. ^ "USDA Hardiness Zone Finder". National Gardening Association. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  11. ^ "Climatography of the United States No. 20 1971-2000, Nashua 2 NNW, NH" (PDF). U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data, and Information Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  12. ^ "Hollis NH". State of New Hampshire. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. ^ "Hollis NH - Community Profile | Economic & Labor Market Information Bureau | NH Employment Security".
  15. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  16. ^ Historical Census Data. "Census of Population and Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  17. ^ See Worcester, pg 269, for data for the years 1767 through 1783, and also for 1810, 1830 and 1840.
  18. ^ 1790 New Hampshire Census (1907). First Census of the United States 1790 New Hampshire. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Census, Government Printing Office. p. 9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ 1800 U.S. Census (1801). Return of the Whole Number of Persons within the Several Districts of the United States according to 'An act providing for the second Census of Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States' (PDF). p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 11, 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ 1820 U.S. Census (1811). Census for 1820. Washington DC: Gales&Seaton. p. 29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ 1850 U.S. Census (1853). The Seventh Census of the United States, Volume 5. Robert. p. 21.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ 1860 U.S. Census (1864). Population of the United States in 1860, compiled from the original returns of the 8th Census. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 308.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ 1870 U.S. Census (1872). Ninth Census Volume 1, The Statistics of the Population of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 200.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ 1880 U.S. Census (1885). Compendium of the 10th Census (June 1, 1880), Part 1 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 220. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2005.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ 1900 U.S. Census (1901). Census Reports Volume 1, Twelfth Census of the United States, Taken in the Year 1900, Population, Part 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Office. p. 266.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Data for 1890 taken from 1900 census table
  27. ^ 1930 U.S. Census. "Fifteenth Census of the United States - 1930 - Population Volume 1 Number and Distribution of Inhabitants". p. 704. Retrieved May 3, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Data for 1910 and 1920 taken from 1930 Census table
  29. ^ 1950 U.S. Census (1952). A Report on the 17th Decennial Census of the United States, Census of Population: 1950, Volume 1, Number of Inhabitants. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. pp. 29–6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Data for 1940 taken from 1950 Census table
  31. ^ 1960 U.S. Census (1963). The 18th Decennial Census of the United States, Census of Population: 1960, Volume 1 Characteristics of Population, Part 31 New Hampshire. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 31–9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ 1990 U.S. Census. "1990 Census of Population and Housing, Population and Housing Counts, New Hampshire" (PDF). U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 1, 2004. Retrieved May 3, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ Data for 1970 and 1980 taken from 1990 Census table
  34. ^ American Fact Finder. "Hollis town, Hillsborough County New Hampshire". U.S. Bureau of Census. Archived from the original on February 16, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  35. ^ "Old Home Days". Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  36. ^ Telegraph. "Hollis Old Home Days focus on the best the town has to offer". The Telegraph, Hudson, NH. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
  37. ^ Old Home Days. "Hollis Old Home Days". Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  38. ^ Old Home Days. "Old Home Days". Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  39. ^ "Hollis Town Band Strawberry Festival". Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  40. ^ a b "Hollis Town Band Apple Festival". Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  41. ^ "Applefest Half Marathon". GateCity Striders. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  42. ^ Applefest Half Marathon. "Applefest Half-Marathon - Hollis, New Hampshire". Archived from the original on October 13, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  43. ^ New England Runner. "Race of the Year - The Applefest Half Marathon". New England Runner. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
  44. ^ "Political Districts: New Hampshire House of Representatives" (PDF). NH Office of Energy and Planning. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  45. ^ "Political Districts: New Hampshire Senate" (PDF). NH Office of Energy and Planning. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  46. ^ "Political Districts: New Hampshire Executive Council" (PDF). NH Office of Energy and Planning. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  47. ^ "Political Districts: US Congressional Districts" (PDF). NH Office of Energy and Planning. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  48. ^ https://columbiacollegearchives.wordpress.com/2014/03/04/who-is-mary-blood-what-is-the-blood-ball-anyway/ [user-generated source]
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