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Colonialism and religion have impacted LGBTQ rights in Nigeria, which are generally infringed upon.^[1][2] Same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Nigeria, and those convicted of the offense can face up to 14 years in prison.^[3] The law criminalizing homosexuality is based on a British colonial-era law that was introduced to Nigeria in the 19th century.^[4]

Colonialism has had a significant impact on LGBTQ laws in Nigeria. Prior to colonization, there was no single law criminalizing same-sex sexual activity in Nigeria.^[5] However, there were some cultural taboos against same-sex relationships in some parts of the country. The British colonial government introduced a number of laws that criminalized same-sex sexual activity. These laws were based on the British criminal code, which had been influenced by Victorian morality. The most notable of these laws was the Criminal Code Act of 1916, which made it a crime for "any person who has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature".^[6]

These laws were retained after Nigeria gained independence in 1960. In recent years there have been some calls and protests calling for the repealing of these laws, but they remain in place.

The Nigeria Police Force, established in the 18th century in Nigeria during the British colonial era, has been labeled as corrupt and repressive.^[7] There are reports of police officers profiling people whom they deem as gay leading to arrests, assaults, and extortion.^[8]

Same-sex marriage is prohibited by law in Nigeria, carrying a penalty of up to 14 years of imprisonment. Furthermore, individuals or organizations supporting the rights of LGBTI individuals can face a 10-year sentence under this legislation.^[9]

• Section 214 of the penal code: This law criminalizes "carnal knowledge against the order of nature". which is interpreted to include same-sex sexual activity.^[10]
• Section 217 of the criminal code: This law criminalizes "gross indecency"' which is also interpreted to include same-sex sexual activity.^[11]

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Religion holds profound importance in Nigeria, with Islam and Christianity being the predominant faiths, and a multitude of indigenous belief systems also contributing to the spiritual landscape. Religious practices and rituals are deeply embedded in various aspects of Nigerian society, and religious institutions often play crucial roles in education, healthcare, and social welfare.^{[citation needed]}

Religion exerts a profound influence on the experiences of the LGBTQ community in Nigeria.^[12] Nigerian interpretations of Islam and Christianity often adhere to traditional views on sexuality and gender roles. This has led to the stigmatization of and discrimination against the LGBTQ community.^{[citation needed]}

• LGBT rights in Nigeria