Smart was born and raised in Seattle, Washington,[2] the daughter of Kathleen Marie "Kay" (Sanders) and Douglas Alexander Smart, a teacher.[3][4] She is the second of four children. Smart was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when she was 13 years old.[5] Her father was a first-generation Scottish-American.[6] On Season 10 of the television show Who Do You Think You Are?, Smart discovered she is a maternal descendant of Dorcas Hoar, one of the last women convicted of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials.[6]
She is a 1969 graduate of Ballard High School in Seattle; it was there that she gained an interest in acting in the drama program. She graduated from the University of Washington Professional Actors Training Program with a BFA.[3]
In addition to theater, Smart began working in television in several smaller to mid-size guest parts in the late 1970s and early 1980s, appearing on The Facts of Life, Alice, and Remington Steele among several others.[3] According to Smart, after roles on the short-lived series Teachers Only and Reggie in 1983, "casting directors just decided I was funny. When that happens, you usually get pigeonholed, but I was fortunate. I got to move back and forth."[7] The following year, she had a supporting part in the thriller Flashpoint (1984).[8]
In 1985, Smart was cast in the starring role of Charlene Frazier Stillfield on the comedy series Designing Women,[9] a role she played from the show's beginning in 1986 through its fifth season. After leaving Designing Women, her work mainly concentrated on made-for-television movies and supporting film roles. Notably, she portrayed serial killerAileen Wuornos in the TV movie Overkill: The Aileen Wuornos Story (1992), followed by a supporting part in the black comedyMistress (1992), opposite Robert De Niro and Eli Wallach.[10] Critic Roger Ebert praised the film and called Smart's character portrayal "calculating".[11] The following year, she appeared in the family drama Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey (1993), and as Ory Baxter in a television version of The Yearling (1994). She was then cast as Sally Brewton in the television miniseries Scarlett (1995), and appeared in a supporting role in The Brady Bunch Movie (1995).[12] She also appeared in the television thriller film A Stranger In Town (1995) opposite Gregory Hines.[13]
In 2000, Smart was cast as Lana Gardner in the critically acclaimed NBC comedy series Frasier, acting opposite Kelsey Grammer, set in her hometown of Seattle. She went on to win two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series.[15] Reflecting on the role, Smart said: "I had loved that role on Frasier so much, particularly that first episode. It's nice to get nominated and win for something you were particularly proud of. At the time, I was a little bit snobby about doing guest parts. Based on what I don't know. It wasn't something I was seeking. But my agent said, 'You have to read this.' I thought it was hilarious, and the show was brilliant, so I didn't even hesitate. I remember when we did the table read with the rest of the cast, we could hardly get through it we were laughing so hard."[15]
In 2021, Smart appeared in the seven-episode HBOcrime drama limited series Mare of Easttown set in a small town in Pennsylvania. The series stars Kate Winslet as a grizzled detective with a supporting cast that includes Guy Pearce, Julianne Nicholson, and Evan Peters. Her role as Winslet's mother has earned her critical acclaim with Jackson McHenry of Variety writing, "It's one of those essential truths of TV, as Watchmen and Legion displayed recently, that if you need a tough-as-nails broad, you hire Jean Smart. Smart has the voice and the timing to play a stern matriarch, and whenever she's onscreen in Mare of Easttown, she wrenches away the spotlight like she's grabbing a juice box."[33]
She also stars as the lead in the HBO Max dark comedy series Hacks (2021), playing a legendary Las Vegas comedy diva looking to appeal to a younger audience. USA Today declared Smart, at the age of 69, "The Queen of HBO", after appearing in Watchmen, Mare of Easttown and now Hacks. Glen Weldon of NPR praised Smart's performance in his review, writing, "I don't know if the role of Deborah Vance was written for Smart, but she certainly makes it seem like it was...Smart's also convincing as a standup, performing Deborah's vaguely hokey routines with a naturalistic flair as if she was born to it."[34] She won two consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (2021 and 2022).[35] She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series again in 2024. [36]
Smart was married to actor Richard Gilliland for 35 years until his death in March 2021 after a brief illness.[42][43] They met while working on the set of Designing Women (1986–93) where he played J.D. Shackelford, the boyfriend of Annie Potts's character, Mary Jo Shively. Smart also worked with her husband in season 5 of 24; he played Captain Stan Cotter in one episode, while she starred in the main cast role of First Lady Martha Logan.[44]
They have two sons; they had their first child in 1989 and adopted their second in 2009.[3][45]