John Pickering, baptised 3 December 1615, was born in Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire, second son of Sir John Pickering (1585–1628), and Susannah Dryden (d.1661). The Pickering family were known to be devout Puritans, and Sir John was arrested in January 1627 for refusing to pay "loans" imposed by Charles I. Although released from prison a few months later due to illness, he died in January 1628.[1]
In August 1643, he was appointed head of the Commissariat for the Army of the Eastern Association, before transferring to a troop of dragoons. In March 1644, he was wounded in an assault on Hillesden House led by Cromwell, and was rewarded by being made colonel of a new infantry regiment, which fought under the Earl of Manchester at Marston Moor in July, then Second Newbury in October.[4] In the recriminations that followed alleged failures of command in both battles, Pickering was one of the witnesses on whom Cromwell relied in the attack that led to Manchester's removal under the Self-denying Ordinance.[7]
In April 1645, Sir Thomas Fairfax nominated Pickering as colonel of one of twelve infantry regiments in the recently formed New Model Army, although the appointment was initially opposed by the House of Lords. Like other officers proposed by Cromwell and his associates, Pickering was a religious Independent, whose radicalism worried the moderate Presbyterians who dominated Parliament.[8] They were particularly concerned by those like Pickering and his brother Sir Gilbert suspected of being Anabaptists, a sect viewed by many as subversive, and persecuted by both Catholics and mainstream Protestants as a result.[9] The Lords replaced Pickering and all of his company commanders with officers from another regiment, before pressure from the House of Commons led them to approve the original list by one vote.[10]
While based at Abingdon-on-Thames over the winter of 1644 to 1645, the regiment suffered severe losses from disease and casualties incurred repulsing a Royalist attack in January 1645.[11] Their numbers had to be made up by recruits from a unit previously led by the Presbyterian Colonel Thomas Ayloffe, and soon after Pickering formally assumed command, many of them mutinied. The alleged cause was objections to his preaching, although lack of pay may have been a contributory factor,[12] and Parliament responded with an Ordinance that restricted preaching to authorised chaplains only.[4]
Despite this inauspicious beginning, the unit was seen as particularly close to Cromwell, and was described as one of the 'chiefest praying and preaching regiments in the army'.[13] Apart from Pickering, his officers included the Leveller John Jubbes, as well as John Hewson and Daniel Axtell, Anabaptist sympathisers who became Regicides of Charles I in January 1649. The regiment fought at Naseby, then took part in the 1645 autumn offensive against Royalist strongholds in South West England, including the capture of Sherborne Castle, Lacock Abbey, Bridgwater, Bristol and Basing House.[14] Pickering fell ill during the siege of Exeter, probably with typhus, and died at Ottery St Mary on 24 November 1645.[4] At the request of his brother Gilbert, he was buried in Lyme Regis castle,[4] with John Hewson taking over as colonel.[15]
Wanklyn, Malcolm (2014). "Choosing Officers for the New Model Army, February to April 1645". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 92 (370): 109–125. JSTOR44232556.
Worden, Blair (2012). God's Instruments: Political Conduct in the England of Oliver Cromwell. OUP. ISBN978-0199570492.
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