Karlodinium antarcticum

Karlodinium antarcticum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Alveolata
Phylum:	Myzozoa
Superclass:	Dinoflagellata
Class:	Dinophyceae
Order:	Gymnodiniales
Family:	Kareniaceae
Genus:	Karlodinium
Species:	K. antarcticum
Binomial name
Karlodinium antarcticum de Salas

Karlodinium antarcticum is a species of unarmored dinoflagellates from the genus Karlodinium. It was first isolated from the Australian region of the Southern Ocean, near the polar front. It is medium-sized and is characterized by its long ovoid cell shape and rather long apical groove. It is considered potentially ichthyotoxic.^[1]

• Mooney, Ben D.; et al. (2009). "Survey for karlotoxin production in 15 species of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates (Kareniaceae, Dinophyta) 1". Journal of Phycology. 45 (1): 164–175. Bibcode:2009JPcgy..45..164M. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00630.x. PMID 27033655. S2CID 205696359.
• Lim, Hong Chang; et al. (2014). "A bloom of Karlodinium australe (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) associated with mass mortality of cage-cultured fishes in West Johor Strait, Malaysia" (PDF). Harmful Algae. 40: 51–62. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.10.005. S2CID 55268908.

• "Karlodinium antarcticum". The Encyclopedia of Life.
• WORMS

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