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Limerick (Dáil constituency)

Limerick
Former Dáil constituency
Outline map
Location of Limerick within Ireland
Former constituency
Created2011
Abolished2016
Seats3
Local government areaCounty Limerick
Created from
Replaced byLimerick County
Limerick
Former Dáil constituency
Outline map
Location of Limerick within Ireland
Former constituency
Created1923
Abolished1948
Seats7
Local government areas
Created from
Replaced by

Limerick was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas elected on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). From 1923 to 1948, it represented the whole city and county of Limerick. On its second creation, from 2011 to 2016, it represented the rural part of the county of Limerick, other than in its neighbouring constituencies of Kerry North–West Limerick and Limerick City.

History and boundaries

1923–1948

The constituency was first created as a 7-seat constituency under the Electoral Act 1923 for the 1923 general election to Dáil Éireann; those elected comprised the 4th Dáil. It succeeded the constituencies of Limerick City–Limerick East and Kerry–Limerick West which were used to elect members to the 2nd Dáil and the 3rd Dáil.

It covered Limerick city and all of County Limerick.[1] It was abolished under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947, when it was replaced by the two new constituencies of Limerick East and Limerick West.

2011–2016

The Constituency Commission proposed in 2007 that at the next general election a new constituency called Limerick be created.[2]

It was established by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009[3] when it partially replaced the former constituencies of Limerick East and Limerick West. Most of the rural parts of the Limerick East constituency were transferred to the Limerick constituency and the western parts of the Limerick West constituency were transferred to the Kerry North–West Limerick constituency. It was represented only at the 2011 general election, electing 3 TDs.

The 2009 Act defined the constituency as:[3]

"The county of Limerick, except the parts thereof which are comprised in the constituencies of Limerick City and Kerry North–West Limerick."

It was abolished at the 2016 general election and replaced by the Limerick County constituency.

TDs

TDs 1923–1948

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Limerick 1923–1948[4]
Key to parties
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)
4th 1923[5] Richard Hayes
(CnaG) 		James Ledden
(CnaG) 		Seán Carroll
(Rep) 		James Colbert
(Rep) 		John Nolan
(CnaG) 		Patrick Clancy
(Lab) 		Patrick Hogan
(FP)
1924 by-election[6] Richard O'Connell
(CnaG)
5th 1927 (Jun)[7] Gilbert Hewson
(Ind) 		Tadhg Crowley
(FF) 		James Colbert
(FF) 		George C. Bennett
(CnaG) 		Michael Keyes
(Lab)
6th 1927 (Sep)[8] Daniel Bourke
(FF) 		John Nolan
(CnaG)
7th 1932[9] James Reidy
(CnaG) 		Robert Ryan
(FF) 		John O'Shaughnessy
(FP)
8th 1933[10] Donnchadh Ó Briain
(FF) 		Michael Keyes
(Lab)
9th 1937[11] John O'Shaughnessy
(FG) 		Michael Colbert
(FF) 		George C. Bennett
(FG)
10th 1938[12] James Reidy
(FG) 		Tadhg Crowley
(FF)
11th 1943[13]
12th 1944[14] Michael Colbert
(FF)
13th 1948 Constituency abolished. See Limerick East and Limerick West

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs 2011–2016

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Limerick 2011–2016
Key to parties
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)
31st 2011[15] Niall Collins
(FF) 		Dan Neville
(FG) 		Patrick O'Donovan
(FG)
32nd 2016 Constituency abolished. See Limerick County

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Elections

2011 general election

2011 general election: Limerick[15]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4
Fianna Fáil Niall Collins 20.8 9,361 9,488 9,753 10,809
Fine Gael Dan Neville 20.4 9,176 9,347 10,691 11,728
Fine Gael Patrick O'Donovan 19.1 8,597 8,793 10,351 11,316
Labour James Heffernan 17.6 7,910 8,236 8,893 10,104
Independent John Dillon 9.8 4,395 4,767 5,075  
Fine Gael William O'Donnell 9.2 4,152 4,222    
Independent Con Cremin 1.0 430      
Independent Seamus Sherlock 0.9 419      
Green Stephen Wall 0.8 354      
Independent Patrick O'Doherty 0.5 247      
Electorate: 65,083   Valid: 45,041   Spoilt: 471 (1.0%)   Quota: 11,261   Turnout: 45,512 (69.9%)  

1944 general election

1944 general election: Limerick[14][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 14.1 8,415            
Labour Michael Keyes 13.7 8,159            
Fianna Fáil Donnchadh Ó Briain 12.5 7,481            
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 9.8 5,865 6,027 6,071 6,210 8,925    
Fine Gael James Reidy 9.6 5,762 5,835 7,181 7,382 7,572    
Fine Gael George C. Bennett 8.9 5,291 5,305 6,504 6,575 6,780 6,820 6,865
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 8.7 5,182 5,383 5,476 5,586      
Clann na Talmhan Patrick Fitzsimons 8.3 4,950 4,955 5,763 5,832 6,090 6,121 6,158
Fianna Fáil Michael Colbert 8.1 4,852 5,343 5,518 5,623 7,391 8,781  
Fine Gael David Madden 6.3 3,754 3,759          
Electorate: 84,036   Valid: 59,711   Quota: 7,464   Turnout: 71.1%  

1943 general election

1943 general election: Limerick[13][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 14.4 9,324                      
Fianna Fáil Donnchadh Ó Briain 12.6 8,131                      
Labour Michael Keyes 11.7 7,578 7,671 8,237                  
Fine Gael James Reidy 9.6 6,234 6,300 6,312 6,315 6,422 6,671 7,253 7,476 7,573 8,787    
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 7.8 5,072 5,763 5,886 5,890 5,983 6,182 6,259 6,627 8,580      
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 7.3 4,701 4,874 4,885 4,886 5,111 5,169 5,288 5,748 6,378 6,487 6,546 6,580
Fine Gael George C. Bennett 7.0 4,529 4,541 4,552 4,552 4,889 6,171 7,279 7,576 7,627 8,769    
Fianna Fáil Seán Hartney 4.8 3,116 3,237 3,298 3,303 3,335 3,351 3,413 3,535        
Fine Gael Timothy O'Connell 4.1 2,675 2,678 2,737 2,743 2,763 2,944 3,422 3,582 3,691      
Clann na Talmhan Patrick Fitzsimons 4.0 2,601 2,606 2,643 2,645 3,681 3,787 4,055 4,164 4,521 5,098 5,462 5,897
Fine Gael John MacNamara 3.9 2,513 2,518 2,526 2,527 2,600 2,834            
Fine Gael Denis Quish 3.6 2,351 2,353 2,358 2,359 2,518              
Clann na Talmhan Con Ryan 3.4 2,195 2,208 2,209 2,210                
Labour Seán Hayes 3.3 2,110 2,117 2,862 2,978 3,053 3,153 3,197          
Labour Patrick Costelloe 2.5 1,645 1,681                    
Electorate: 84,036   Valid: 64,775   Quota: 8,097   Turnout: 77.1%  

1938 general election

1938 general election: Limerick[12][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Fine Gael James Reidy 14.6 9,812              
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 13.5 9,058              
Fianna Fáil Donnchadh Ó Briain 12.1 8,099 8,117 8,132 8,249 8,306 11,286    
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 10.7 7,217 7,242 7,305 7,668 7,774 10,206    
Fine Gael George C. Bennett 9.6 6,474 7,049 7,587 7,737 7,747 7,800 7,820 7,867
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 9.1 6,117 6,142 6,165 6,324 6,400 6,699 9,056  
Labour Michael Keyes 8.7 5,836 6,036 6,086 7,327 7,371 7,729 7,879 8,323
Fianna Fáil Michael Colbert 8.5 5,741 5,779 5,908 5,974 6,338      
Fine Gael John O'Shaughnessy 8.5 5,726 6,039 6,294 6,369 6,372 6,493 6,585 6,728
Labour Seán Quinn 3.2 2,179 2,214 2,225          
Fine Gael Michael Burke 1.4 924 1,109            
Electorate: 81,048   Valid: 67,183   Quota: 8,398   Turnout: 82.9%  

1937 general election

1937 general election: Limerick[11][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Labour Michael Keyes 16.8 11,011                  
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 12.4 8,106 8,633                
Fianna Fáil Michael Colbert 10.6 6,955 7,428 7,497 7,690 7,732 7,882 7,889 7,891 9,578  
Fine Gael George C. Bennett 9.4 6,131 6,290 6,840 6,861 8,956          
Fine Gael James Reidy 8.9 5,834 6,165 6,276 6,332 6,670 7,230 7,475 7,714 7,872 7,902
Fianna Fáil Donnchadh Ó Briain 8.6 5,663 5,944 6,002 6,045 6,075 6,303 6,309 6,310 7,079 7,948
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 7.2 4,698 5,140 5,297 5,336 5,387 5,407 5,414 5,421 7,536 8,024
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 6.9 4,544 4,900 4,953 5,038 5,129 5,162 5,175 5,176    
Fine Gael John O'Shaughnessy 6.7 4,361 4,430 4,565 4,566 5,038 7,954 8,441      
Fine Gael Timothy O'Connell 5.4 3,537 3,587 3,639 3,642 4,021          
Fine Gael Liam Fraher 5.1 3,339 3,402 3,563 3,564            
Independent Thomas Lloyd 2.0 1,343 1,412                
Electorate: 81,397   Valid: 65,522   Quota: 8,191   Turnout: 80.5%  

1933 general election

1933 general election: Limerick[10][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 12.1 7,980 8,002 8,019 8,057 8,075 8,079 8,620        
Fianna Fáil Donnchadh Ó Briain 11.2 7,383 7,410 7,431 7,507 7,518 7,523 9,594        
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 10.6 6,956 7,007 7,078 7,111 7,123 7,131 7,332 8,508      
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 9.9 6,536 6,616 6,641 6,679 6,685 6,688 9,130        
Fianna Fáil James Colbert 8.8 5,803 5,873 5,890 5,982 5,997 6,002          
Labour Michael Keyes 8.8 5,798 5,837 5,946 6,079 6,113 6,154 6,631 6,784 7,593 7,901 8,160
Cumann na nGaedheal George C. Bennett 8.8 5,791 6,209 7,798 10,430              
Cumann na nGaedheal James Reidy 8.3 5,443 5,474 5,939 7,434 9,217            
Cumann na nGaedheal John Nolan 6.5 4,265 4,414 5,502                
Cumann na nGaedheal Richard O'Connell 5.4 3,560 3,725                  
National Centre Party John O'Shaughnessy 5.1 3,388 5,326 5,611 6,524 6,835 7,746 7,927 7,952 8,033 8,062 8,071
National Centre Party John Canty 4.6 3,010                    
Electorate: 78,350   Valid: 65,913   Quota: 8,240   Turnout: 84.1%  

1932 general election

The number of and full figures for later counts are not available. Bennett, Bourke, Colbert, Crowley, O'Shaughnessy, Reidy and Ryan were all elected.

1932 general election: Limerick[9][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 12.4 7,677 7,775          
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 10.8 6,645 6,667 6,708 6,722 7,211 7,760  
Fianna Fáil James Colbert 9.9 6,100 6,270 6,371 6,443 6,834 8,452  
Cumann na nGaedheal George C. Bennett 9.6 5,919 5,951 6,298 6,649 6,826 6,866 N/A
Cumann na nGaedheal James Reidy 8.2 5,088 5,142 5,208 5,495 5,537 5,572 N/A
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 8.0 4,966 5,024 5,082 5,112 5,477 6,176 N/A
Farmers' Party John O'Shaughnessy 7.9 4,887 4,903 5,417 5,647 5,757 6,065 N/A
Cumann na nGaedheal Richard O'Connell 5.8 3,573 3,590 3,627 3,894 4,005 4,043 N/A
Fianna Fáil Donnchadh Ó Briain 5.4 3,334 3,365 3,413 3,453 3,536    
Cumann na nGaedheal John Nolan 5.4 3,325 3,339 3,435 4,155 4,237 4,279 N/A
Labour Michael Keyes 5.0 3,101 3,787 3,875 3,955 4,441 4,592 N/A
Independent Patrick Clancy 3.4 2,105 2,324 2,368 2,420      
Cumann na nGaedheal David Madden 3.3 2,045 2,067 2,178        
Independent Gilbert Hewson 2.5 1,562 1,585          
Labour Daniel Clancy 2.4 1,486            
Electorate: 76,959   Valid: 61,813   Quota: 7,727   Turnout: 80.3%  

September 1927 general election

September 1927 general election: Limerick[8][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Cumann na nGaedheal George C. Bennett 14.0 7,993                
Fianna Fáil James Colbert 11.2 6,385 6,404 6,592 6,617 6,617 7,020 7,080 7,270  
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 10.0 5,711 5,764 6,720 6,773 6,774 6,837 6,856 7,221  
Cumann na nGaedheal John Nolan 9.5 5,390 5,518 5,544 7,306          
Cumann na nGaedheal Richard O'Connell 9.4 5,354 5,508 5,612 6,429 6,594 8,189      
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 8.1 4,625 4,639 5,825 5,867 5,868 5,955 6,033 6,405 7,376
Labour Patrick Clancy 7.8 4,447 4,508 4,740 4,803 4,804 4,921 4,981 8,440  
Labour Michael Keyes 7.5 4,290 4,309 4,446 4,626 4,631 4,790 4,867    
Farmers' Party Cornelius O'Sullivan 6.0 3,434 3,451 3,539 3,612 3,621        
Independent Gilbert Hewson 5.9 3,352 3,410 3,493 3,698 3,705 4,635 5,303 5,492 5,844
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 5.4 3,049 3,054              
Cumann na nGaedheal Matthew Griffin 5.1 2,898 3,246 3,268            
Electorate: 79,765   Valid: 56,928   Quota: 7,117   Turnout: 71.4%  

June 1927 general election

June 1927 general election: Limerick[7][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Fianna Fáil James Colbert 10.3 5,531 5,554 5,585 5,595 5,607 5,632 5,716 5,899 6,605 6,689 6,724              
Cumann na nGaedheal George C. Bennett 9.6 5,165 5,185 5,265 5,466 6,041 6,245 6,517 6,586 6,660 7,170                
Fianna Fáil Tadhg Crowley 9.1 4,865 4,940 4,954 5,062 5,082 5,267 5,364 6,568 6,762                  
Labour Michael Keyes 8.2 4,404 4,412 4,436 4,483 4,601 4,629 4,892 4,970 5,431 6,617 6,620 6,689 6,692 6,828        
Cumann na nGaedheal Richard O'Connell 7.9 4,228 4,248 4,379 4,502 4,816 5,011 5,148 5,262 5,348 5,520 5,520 5,585 5,585 6,045 6,054 6,122 8,660  
Fianna Fáil Daniel Bourke 7.1 3,795 3,806 3,812 3,817 3,828 3,838 3,889 4,071 4,115 4,183 4,186 4,197 4,202 4,366 4,370      
Labour Patrick Clancy 5.7 3,086 3,103 3,109 3,195 3,218 3,356 3,478 3,685 3,958 4,211 4,217 4,259 4,262 4,391 4,435 5,757 5,901 6,213
Independent Gilbert Hewson 5.7 3,054 3,127 3,229 3,352 3,424 3,653 3,848 3,947 4,165 4,443 4,445 4,515 4,517 5,610 5,623 5,881 6,704 7,326
Farmers' Party Cornelius O'Sullivan 4.9 2,623 2,635 2,697 2,723 2,737 3,048 3,188 3,248 3,605 3,693 3,695 3,715 3,716          
Independent Matthew Murphy 4.8 2,594 2,615 2,683 2,697 2,710 2,724 2,790 2,803                    
Cumann na nGaedheal John Nolan 4.6 2,446 2,463 2,717 2,793 3,040 3,109 3,254 3,270 3,461 3,567 3,568 3,726 3,726 4,584 4,595 4,653    
National League Michael Joyce 4.4 2,350 2,438 2,452 2,464 2,566 2,603 2,936 2,964 3,022                  
Fianna Fáil Robert Ryan 3.7 2,006 2,025 2,027 2,104 2,117 2,275 2,369                      
Independent Matthew Quillinan 3.4 1,848 1,852 1,877 1,945 2,032 2,081                        
Cumann na nGaedheal Matthew Griffin 3.0 1,613 1,627 1,658 1,665                            
Farmers' Party William Condon 2.8 1,477 1,527 1,542 1,718 1,736                          
Independent John Smith 2.2 1,205 1,208 1,213                              
Cumann na nGaedheal John O'Mahony 1.7 886 890                                
National League John Coleman 0.9 503                                  
Electorate: 79,765   Valid: 53,679   Quota: 6,710   Turnout: 67.3%  

1924 by-election

Following the resignation of Cumann na nGaedheal TD Richard Hayes, a by-election was held on 28 May 1924. The seat was won by the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate Richard O'Connell.

1924 by-election: Limerick[6][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1
Cumann na nGaedheal Richard O'Connell 54.3 28,243
Republican Tadhg Crowley 45.7 23,738
Electorate: 79,000   Valid: 51,981   Quota: 25,991   Turnout: 65.8%  

1923 general election

Full figures for the remaining 16 counts are not available. The following are the number of votes unsuccessful candidates had at the time of their elimination though the counts which some eliminations occurred are unknown due to data being unavailable; Mackey 143, Larkin 509, J. O'Brien 766, Cleary 996, O'Callaghan 1,159, W. O'Brien 1,273, Walshe 1,706, Laffin 2,197, Colivet 2,249, Quaide 2,468, Keyes 2,808 and Smyth 3,509

Michael Gallagher notes[16] that newspapers at the time reported there was a 'discrepancy' with the original first count results, leading to a recount. The results below are of the first count which occurred so may not be fully accurate, the results of the recount are unavailable.

1923 general election: Limerick[5][16]
Party Candidate FPv% Count
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Cumann na nGaedheal Richard Hayes 20.7 10,498                                
Cumann na nGaedheal James Ledden 12.5 6,335 8,256                              
Republican Seán Carroll 11.7 5,946 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6,451                  
Republican James Colbert 9.5 4,842 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7,081          
Labour Matthew Murphy 6.6 3,332 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4,774
Labour Patrick Clancy 6.5 3,305 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5,360
Farmers' Party Bartholomew Laffan 3.3 1,656 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Farmers' Party John Quaide 3.2 1,619 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Labour Michael Keyes 3.0 1,549 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Cumann na nGaedheal John Smyth 3.0 1,547 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Farmers' Party Patrick Hogan 3.0 1,537 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5,932
Republican Michael Colivet 3.0 1,519 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Cumann na nGaedheal John Nolan 2.9 1,476 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7,361 or 7,631  
Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick Walshe 2.5 1,254 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Farmers' Party William O'Brien 2.2 1,143 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A                    
Republican Kathleen O'Callaghan 2.2 1,097 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1,159                    
Independent Michael Cleary 1.8 907 N/A N/A N/A N/A 996                      
Labour James O'Brien 1.3 674 N/A N/A N/A 766                        
Independent William Larkin 0.9 466 N/A N/A 509                          
Independent Anthony Mackey 0.2 114 N/A 143                            
Electorate: 79,340   Valid: 50,816   Quota: 6,353   Turnout: 64.1%  

See also

References

  1. ^ Electoral Act 1923, 8th Sch.: Constituencies (No. 12 of 1923, 8th Sch.). Enacted on 17 April 1923. Act of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 10 September 2010.
  2. ^ "Constituency Commission: Report on Dáil and European Parliament Constituencies 2007" (PDF). The Stationery Office, Dublin. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
  3. ^ a b Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009, Schedule (No. 4 of 2009, Schedule). Enacted on 24 February 2009. Act of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book on 28 September 2010.
  4. ^ Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8. ISSN 0332-0286.
  5. ^ a b "General election 1923: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  6. ^ a b "By-election 1924: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  7. ^ a b "General election June 1927: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  8. ^ a b "General election September 1927: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  9. ^ a b "General election 1932: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  10. ^ a b "General election 1933: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  11. ^ a b "General election 1937: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  12. ^ a b "General election 1938: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  13. ^ a b "General election 1943: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  14. ^ a b "General election 1944: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  15. ^ a b "General election 2011: Limerick". ElectionsIreland.org. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gallagher, Michael (1993). Irish Elections 1922-44: Results and Analysis. PSAI Press. ISBN 0951974815.

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