List of fur trading posts in Montana

This is an alphabetically arranged list of trading posts or forts in present-day Montana from 1807 to the end of the fur trading era in the state.

History

The North West Company fur trader Francois-Antoine Larocque travelled parts of the eastern present-day Montana in 1805,^[1]^{: 156–220} and the following explorations of the Lewis and Clark Expedition opened the area further for commerce.^[1]^: 28 The first fur trading post built in the future state was Fort Raymond at the confluence of Yellowstone River and Bighorn River, where it carried out trade with the Crow Nation from 1807 to around 1813.^[2]^: 68 Soon after the establishment of Fort Raymond, trail-blazers from the fur companies found way to the heart of the country of every Native Nation in the territory. Decade by decade, at number of smaller and bigger posts established by different trading companies from both Canada and the United States dotted the banks of the major rivers winding their way through the plains and mountain valleys. The biggest forts stayed active year after year, while others lasted a season and were destroyed by wind and weather or burned by Native Americans. Some of the ruins and old places of bargain are now recognized as historic sites by the United States or Montana.^[3]

List

Name	Other names	Location	County	Company	Active	Main customers	Remarks
Big Horn Post#2^[3]^: 127		Confluence of the Bighorn and the Yellowstone	Treasure	Rocky Mountain Fur Company	1824– ?	The Crow
Brazeau Houses^[3]^: 110	Braseau's Houses	Extreme lower Yellowstone	Richland		1828– ?
Fort Alexander^[3]^: 114		North side of the Yellowstone, six miles west of Forsyth	Rosebud	American Fur Company	1842–1850^[2]^: 67	The Crow
Fort Andrew^[3]^: 98		At the Missouri, 30 miles east of James Kipp Recreation Area	Phillips	American Fur Company	1862– ?		Inundated
Fort Benton (#1)^[3]^: 127		At the confluence of the Bighorn and the Yellowstone	Treasure	Missouri Fur Company	1821– 1824? ^[2]^: 68	The Crow
Fort Benton^[3]^: 35	Fort Lewis, Fort Clay	At the Upper Missouri, city of Fort Benton	Chouteau	American Fur Company	1846–1864	The Blackfeet	National Historic Landmark
Fort Campbell^[3]^: 36		Near the city of Fort Benton	Chouteau	Harvey, Primeau & Co.	1846–1861
Fort Cass^[3]^: 127		At the confluence of the Bighorn and the Yellowstone	Treasure	American Fur Company	1832–1838^[2]^: 68	The Crow
Fort Chardon^[4]^: 46	Fort F. A. Chardon	At the confluence of the Judith and the Missouri	Chouteau		1843– ?
Fort Charles^[3]^: 129		At the Missouri, right east of Oswego	Valley		1861– ?
Fort Connah^[3]^: 72		Near Post Creek	Lake	Hudson's Bay Company	1845–1871
Fort Cotton^[3]^: 36		At the upper Missouri, 10 miles southwest of Fort Benton	Chouteau	Union Fur Company	1843– ? (short-lived)
Fort Dauphin^[3]^: 129		At the Missouri, south of Nashua	Valley	Louis Dauphin	1860– ?
Fort Galpin^[3]^: 129		At the Missouri, near the city of Fort Peck	Valley	LaBarge, Harkness and Company	1862–1864
Fort Hawley^[3]^: 98		At the Missouri, 30 miles east of James Kipp Recreation Area	Phillips	Northwest Fur Company	1866– ?		Inundated
Fort Jackson^[3]^: 111		At the Missouri, near Poplar	Roosevelt	American Fur Company	1833– ? (short-lived)
Fort Kipp^[3]^: 98		At the Missouri, near the city of Fort Kipp	Roosevelt		1860-1860		Burned by Native Americans
Fort LaBarge^[3]^: 36		At the Missouri, near the city of Fort Benton	Chouteau	LaBarge, Harkness and Company	1862– ?
Fort Lewis^[3]^: 36		At the Missouri, west of the city of Fort Benton	Chouteau	American Fur Company	? – 1847		Dismantled and rebuilt as part of Fort Benton
Fort McKenzie^[3]^: 36	Fort Brulé^[5]^: 962	At the Missouri, east of the city of Fort Benton	Chouteau	American Fur Company	1832–1843	The Blackfeet	Burned by Native Americans^[5]^: 962
Fort Owen^[3]^: 107		Bitterroot Valley, east of Stevensville	Ravalli	Major John Owen	1850–1872	The Bitterroot Salish	Now a state park
Fort Piegan^[3]^: 37		At the confluence of the Marias and the Missouri	Chouteau		1831–1832	The Blackfeet	Burned by Native Americans^[5]^: 961
Fort Poplar^[3]^: 111		At the Missouri, near Poplar	Roosevelt	A Charles Larpenteur post	1861– ?
Fort Raymond^[3]^: 127	Fort Remon, Fort Lisa, Fort Manuel Lisa, Big Horn Post	At the confluence of the Yellowstone and the Bighorn	Treasure	Missouri Fur Company^[1]^: 31	1807–1813(?)^[2]^: 68	The Crow
Fort Sarpy I^[3]^: 114		On the north side of the Yellowstone, 10 miles east of Forsyth	Rosebud	American Fur Company	1850–1856^[6]	The Crow
Fort Sarpy II^[3]^: 127		At the Yellowstone, 10 miles east of the mouth of the Bighorn	Treasure	American Fur Company	1857– c. 1860^[2]^: 67–68	The Crow
Fort Stewart^[3]^: 111		At the Missouri, near the City of Fort Kipp	Roosevelt	Frost, Todd and Company	1854–1860		Burned by Native Americans
Fort Union^[3]^: 111		At the Missouri, right east of the Montana – North Dakota border	Right east of Roosevelt	American Fur Company	1828–1867^[7]^: 15	The Assiniboine and Cree	National Park Service Area
Fort Van Buren^[3]^: 114	Fort Tulloch, Fort Tullock and Tulloch's Fort^[5]^: 965	At the Yellowstone, 10 miles east of Forsyth	Rosebud	American Fur Company	1835–1842^[2]^: 68	The Crow
Fox, Livingston and Company Post^[3]^: 19		At the confluence of the Little Bighorn and the Bighorn^[5]^: 965	Big Horn	Fox, Livingston and Company	1843– ?	The Crow	(Only ^[3]^: 19 has a trading post of this name here)
Henry's Fort^[3]^: 57	Three Forks Post	A mile east of Three Forks	Gallatin	Missouri Fur Company	1810– ?
Howse's Post^[3]^: 52	Howse House	North of Kalispell	Flathead	Hudson's Bay Company	1810– ?	The Pend d'Oreilles and Salish
Kootenai Post I^[3]^: 80		At Kootenai River, near Libby	Lincoln	North West Fur Company	1808– ?	The tribes at the upper Columbia
Kootenai Post II^[4]^: 49		Near Libby Dam	Lincoln		1811– ?
Salish House I^[3]^: 117	Saleesh House, Flathead Post	Near Thompson Falls	Sanders	North West Fur Company^[4]^: 49	1809– ?
Salish House II^[3]^: 117		Ten miles east of Thompson Falls	Sanders	Hudson's Bay Company	1824– ?

Map

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Wood, Raymond W. and Thomas D. Thiessen (1987): Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains. Norman and London.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hoxie, Frederich E. (1995): Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935. Cambridge.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Montana Historic Preservation Plan (1975). Vol. II. Montana Historic Sites Compendium. Helena.
^ ^a ^b ^c The Montana Historic Preservation Plan (1970). Helena.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1954): The American Fur Trade. Vol. II. Stanford.
^ McDonnell, Anne (Ed.): The Fort Sarpy Journal, 1855–1856. Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana. Volume Ten. 1940.
^ Fox, Gregory L. (1988): A Late Nineteenth Century Village of a Band of Dissident Hidatsa: The Garden Coulee Site (32WI18). Lincoln.

External links

[W&T1987-1] Wood, Raymond W. and Thomas D. Thiessen (1987): Early Fur Trade on the Northern Plains. Norman and London.

[Hoxie1995-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hoxie, Frederich E. (1995): Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935. Cambridge.

[Plan1975-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Montana Historic Preservation Plan (1975). Vol. II. Montana Historic Sites Compendium. Helena.

[Plan1970-4] The Montana Historic Preservation Plan (1970). Helena.

[CHM1954-5] Chittenden, Hiram Martin (1954): The American Fur Trade. Vol. II. Stanford.

[Sarpy1940-6] McDonnell, Anne (Ed.): The Fort Sarpy Journal, 1855–1856. Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana. Volume Ten. 1940.

[Fox1988-7] Fox, Gregory L. (1988): A Late Nineteenth Century Village of a Band of Dissident Hidatsa: The Garden Coulee Site (32WI18). Lincoln.

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List of fur trading posts in Montana

History

List

Map

References

External links

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