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Southport (UK Parliament constituency)

Not to be confused with Electoral district of Southport.

Southport
County constituency
for the House of Commons
Map of constituency
Boundary of Southport in North West England
CountyMerseyside
Electorate74,168 (2023)[1]
Major settlementsSouthport, Ainsdale-on-Sea
Current constituency
Created1885
Member of ParliamentPatrick Hurley (Labour)
SeatsOne
Created fromSouth West Lancashire

Southport is a constituency[n 1] in Merseyside which has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Patrick Hurley of the Labour Party.[n 2]

Boundaries

Map
Map of boundaries 1974 to 1983

Historic

Southport in Lancashire, boundaries used 1974-83

1885–1918: The Borough of Southport, the Sessional Division of Southport, and the parishes of Blundell, Great and Little Crosby, Ince, and Thornton.

1918–1983: The County Borough of Southport.

1983–2024: The Metropolitan Borough of Sefton wards of Ainsdale, Birkdale, Cambridge, Dukes, Kew, Meols, and Norwood.

Current

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the constituency was defined as being composed of the following as they existed on 1 December 2020:

  • The Metropolitan Borough of Sefton wards of: Birkdale; Cambridge; Duke’s; Kew; Meols; Norwood.
  • The Borough of West Lancashire wards of: Hesketh-with-Becconsall; North Meols; Rufford; Tarleton.[2]

The four, largely rural, West Lancashire Borough wards were transferred from South Ribble, offset by the loss of Ainsdale ward to Sefton Central.

Following a local government boundary review in West Lancashire which came into effect in May 2023,[3][4] the constituency will now comprise the following from the 2024 general election:

  • The Metropolitan Borough of Sefton wards of: Birkdale; Cambridge; Duke’s; Kew; Meols; Norwood.
  • The Borough of West Lancashire wards of: Burscough Bridge & Rufford (part); North Meols & Hesketh Bank; Tarleton Village.[5]

The constituency covers the whole town of Southport and the localities of Birkdale, Blowick, Churchtown, Crossens, Highpark, Hillside, Kew, Marshside, Meols Cop, and Woodvale. It also now includes the West Lancashire villages of Banks, Hesketh Bank, Becconsall, Tarleton and Rufford. It is bordered to the north by Fylde (across the Ribble estuary), to the east by South Ribble, and to the south by Sefton Central and West Lancashire .

History

Prominent members

In the 19th century a notable representative was George Nathaniel Curzon, future Viceroy of India.

In the 20th century, outside politics, Edward Marshall Hall was a notable trial barrister (KC) and Sir John Fowler Leece Brunner was the son of the leading industrialist Sir John Tomlinson Brunner.

As a frontbencher, long-serving representative Robert Hudson was recognised at the time of World War II as a competent Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in charge of that department, and was made, to give him a peerage, a viscount.[n 3]

Political history

Until 2024, the constituency had been a Liberal or Conservative seat throughout its history, and marginal for much of that time, meaning that it changed hands 11 times between the parties after it was created in 1885, having had nine Conservative MPs and eight Liberal or Liberal Democrat MPs in its history.

During the nadir of the Liberal Party, from the 1930s to the 1960s, the constituency became a safe Conservative seat, with absolute majorities from 1931 until 1970 inclusive.

Former Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott was the Labour Party candidate for the seat in 1966 and came in second place.

With the revival the Liberal Party's fortunes in the early 1970s, elections became close contests once again. The constituency changed hands in the 1987 general election, when it was won by Ronnie Fearn of the Liberal Party, for the SDP-Liberal Alliance, shortly before the two parties merged to form the Liberal Democrats. Fearn had contested the seat unsuccessfully for the Liberals throughout the 1970s.

Fearn lost the seat to the Conservatives' Matthew Banks at the 1992 election, one of the few Conservative gains at that election, only to regain it at the 1997 election. The Liberal Democrats held the seat, under John Pugh (after Fearn stood down) in 2001 until 2017.

The seat was one of the eight Liberal Democrat seats that survived its national vote share collapse at the 2015 general election, although there was a higher-than-average drop in the Liberal Democrats' vote share. Pugh opted not to re-contest the seat in the 2017 general election, at which it returned to the Conservatives, the only seat the Tories gained from the Liberal Democrats in 2017 (aside from Richmond Park, which they had gained at a 2016 by-election).

In the 2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union, the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, of which the constituency is a part, voted to remain in the European Union by 51.9%.[6] Given its demography, it is estimated that Southport voted to remain by 54%.[7]

In 2019, a resurgent Labour vote pushed the Liberal Democrats into third place for the first time since 1966 with the seat becoming a Tory-Labour marginal. Labour won the seat from the Conservatives in 2024, making it the first time Labour has held the seat, as well as the first time Labour has held every seat in Merseyside.

Constituency profile

This is a generally affluent seaside town in the borough of Sefton which has not suffered from significant deprivation compared to its Lancashire counterpart Blackpool. Workless claimants (registered jobseekers) were in November 2012 close to the national average of 3.8%, at 4.0% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.[8] Southport is home to the notable Royal Birkdale Golf Club, and Ainsdale Beach is part of the Sefton Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Members of Parliament

Election Member[9] Party
1885 George Augustus Pilkington Liberal
1886 George Curzon Conservative
1898 by-election Sir Herbert Naylor-Leyland Liberal
1899 by-election George Augustus Pilkington Liberal
1900 Edward Marshall Hall Conservative
1906 John Meir Astbury Liberal
1910 Godfrey Dalrymple-White Conservative
1923 John Brunner Liberal
1924 Godfrey Dalrymple-White Conservative
1931 Robert Hudson Conservative
1952 by-election Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh Conservative
1959 Ian Percival Conservative
1987 Ronnie Fearn Liberal
1988 Liberal Democrats
1992 Matthew Banks Conservative
1997 Ronnie Fearn Liberal Democrats
2001 John Pugh Liberal Democrats
2017 Damien Moore Conservative
2024 Patrick Hurley Labour

Elections

Elections in the 2020s

General election 2024: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Patrick Hurley[10] 17,252 38.3 +1.5
Conservative Damien Moore[11] 11,463 25.4 −25.0
Reform UK Andrew Lynn[12] 7,395 16.4 N/A
Liberal Democrats Erin Harvey[13] 5,868 13.0 +0.5
Green Edwin Black[14] 2,159 4.8 +4.4
Independent Sean Halsall[15] 922 2.1 N/A
Majority 5,789 12.9 N/A
Turnout 45,059 61.2 −6.8
Registered electors 73,641
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Southport[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Damien Moore 22,914 47.6 +8.9
Labour Liz Savage 18,767 39.0 +6.4
Liberal Democrats John Wright 6,499 13.5 ―12.9
Majority 4,147 8.6 +2.5
Turnout 48,180 68.0 ―1.1
Conservative hold Swing +1.3
General election 2017: Southport[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Damien Moore 18,541 38.7 +10.7
Labour Liz Savage 15,627 32.6 +13.4
Liberal Democrats Sue McGuire 12,661 26.4 ―4.6
UKIP Terry Durrance 1,127 2.4 ―14.4
Majority 2,914 6.1 N/A
Turnout 47,956 69.1 +3.6
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats Swing ―1.4
General election 2015: Southport[18][19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrats John Pugh 13,652 31.0 ―18.6
Conservative Damien Moore 12,330 28.0 ―7.8
Labour Liz Savage 8,468 19.2 +9.8
UKIP Terry Durrance 7,429 16.8 +11.7
Green Laurence Rankin 1,230 2.8 New
Southport Party Jacqueline Barlow 992 2.2 New
Majority 1,322 3.0 ―10.8
Turnout 44,101 65.5 +0.4
Liberal Democrats hold Swing ―5.4
General election 2010: Southport[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrats John Pugh 21,707 49.6 +3.3
Conservative Brenda Porter 15,683 35.8 ―1.2
Labour Jim Conalty 4,116 9.4 ―3.4
UKIP Terry Durrance 2,251 5.1 +3.3
Majority 6,024 13.8 +4.5
Turnout 43,757 65.1 +4.1
Liberal Democrats hold Swing +2.2

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Southport[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrats John Pugh 19,093 46.3 +2.5
Conservative Mark S. Bigley 15,255 37.0 +0.5
Labour Paul Brant 5,277 12.8 ―3.8
UKIP Terry Durrance 749 1.8 +0.5
Your Party Bill Givens 589 1.4 New
Veritas Harry Forster 238 0.6 New
Majority 3,838 9.3 +2.0
Turnout 41,201 61.0 +1.4
Liberal Democrats hold Swing +1.0
General election 2001: Southport[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrats John Pugh 18,011 43.8 ―4.3
Conservative Laurence Jones 15,004 36.5 +0.6
Labour Paul Brant 6,816 16.6 +4.5
Liberal David Green 767 1.9 +1.1
UKIP Gerry Kelley 555 1.3 New
Majority 3,007 7.3 ―4.9
Turnout 41,153 58.6 ―13.5
Liberal Democrats hold Swing

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Southport[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Democrats Ronnie Fearn 24,356 48.1 +6.6
Conservative Matthew Banks 18,186 35.9 ―11.1
Labour Sarah Norman 6,129 12.1 +1.9
Referendum Frank Buckle 1,368 2.7 New
Liberal Susan Ashton 386 0.8 New
Natural Law Elizabeth Lines 93 0.2 ―0.1
National Democrats Michael Middleton 92 0.2 New
Majority 6,170 12.2 N/A
Turnout 50,610 72.1 ―5.5
Liberal Democrats gain from Conservative Swing +8.9
General election 1992: Southport[24][25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Matthew Banks 26,081 47.0 +2.5
Liberal Democrats Ronnie Fearn 23,018 41.5 ―6.4
Labour James King 5,637 10.2 +3.8
Green Justin Walker 545 1.0 ―0.2
Natural Law Geoffrey Clements 159 0.3 New
Majority 3,063 5.5 N/A
Turnout 55,440 77.6 +1.3
Conservative gain from Liberal Democrats Swing +4.5

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Southport[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Ronnie Fearn 26,110 47.9 +7.4
Conservative Nigel Thomas 24,261 44.5 ―5.9
Labour Audrey Moore 3,483 6.4 ―1.9
Green Justin Walker 653 1.2 New
Majority 1,849 3.4 N/A
Turnout 54,507 76.3 +3.8
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +6.7
General election 1983: Southport[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 25,612 50.4 ―0.4
Liberal Iain Brodie Browne 20,573 40.5 +2.5
Labour Francis Brady 4,233 8.3 ―2.9
Independent Kevin Wood 374 0.7 New
Majority 5,039 9.9 ―2.9
Turnout 50,792 72.5 ―2.2
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 25,953 50.8 +3.6
Liberal Ronnie Fearn 19,426 38.0 +2.3
Labour I.Gari James 5,725 12.8 ―4.3
Majority 6,527 12.8 +1.3
Turnout 51,104 74.7 +1.0
Conservative hold Swing
General election October 1974: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 23,014 47.2 ±0.0
Liberal Ronnie Fearn 17,387 35.7 ―3.9
Labour I.Gari James 8,323 17.1 +3.9
Majority 5,627 11.5 +3.9
Turnout 48,724 73.7 ―3.7
Conservative hold Swing
General election February 1974: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 23,975 47.2 ―3.0
Liberal Ronnie Fearn 20,093 39.6 +9.4
Labour Peter R. Ward 6,690 13.2 ―6.4
Majority 3,882 7.6 ―12.4
Turnout 50,758 77.4 +6.9
Conservative hold Swing ―6.2
General election 1970: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 22,950 50.2 ―0.8
Liberal Ronnie Fearn 13,809 30.2 +10.5
Labour Bruce George 8,950 19.6 ―9.6
Majority 9,141 20.0 ―1.2
Turnout 45,709 70.5 ―2.2
Conservative hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 22,324 51.0 ―0.9
Labour John Prescott 12,798 29.2 +4.1
Liberal C. Jack Coleman 8,630 19.7 ―3.3
Majority 9,526 21.8 ―5.0
Turnout 43,752 72.7 ―3.8
Conservative hold Swing ―2.5
General election 1964: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 23,917 51.9 ―4.1
Labour Leonard Goldwater 11,572 25.1 +4.7
Liberal C. Jack Coleman 10,609 23.0 ―0.5
Majority 12,345 26.8 ―5.7
Turnout 46,098 76.5 ―0.3
Conservative hold Swing ―4.4

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Ian Percival 26,905 56.0 ―14.2
Liberal Sam Goldberg 11,292 23.5 +23.5
Labour Charles W Hadfield 9,805 20.4 ―9.4
Majority 15,613 32.5 ―8.0
Turnout 48,002 76.8 +8.0
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh 30,268 70.2 +10.0
Labour Peter Cameron 12,827 29.8 +5.0
Majority 17,441 40.4 +4.9
Turnout 43,095 68.8 ―8.9
Conservative hold Swing +2.5
By-election 1952: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh 24,589 62.0 +1.8
Labour Alan Lever Tillotson 11,310 28.5 +3.7
Liberal Hubert Bentliff 3,776 9.5 ―5.5
Majority 13,279 33.5 ―1.9
Turnout 39,675
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert Hudson 30,388 60.2 +3.9
Labour H Owen Ellis 12,535 24.8 ―2.0
Liberal Hubert Bentliff 7,576 15.0 ―1.9
Majority 17,853 35.4 +5.9
Turnout 50,499 77.7 ―4.1
Conservative hold Swing +2.9
General election 1950: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert Hudson 29,766 56.3 +3.6
Labour J P Bonney 14,159 26.8 0.0
Liberal Harry Ellington 8,933 16.9 ―3.6
Majority 15,607 29.5 +3.6
Turnout 52,858 81.8 +7.6
Conservative hold Swing +1.8

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert Hudson 26,792 52.7 −19.5
Labour William Hamling 13,596 26.8 −1.0
Liberal Robert Martin 10,404 20.5 New
Majority 13,196 25.9 −18.5
Turnout 50,792 74.2 +3.3
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert Hudson 29,652 72.2 +3.8
Labour Robert Carrington-Willis 11,419 27.8 New
Majority 18,233 44.4 +7.6
Turnout 41,071 70.9 −8.8
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1931: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert Hudson 30,307 68.4 +20.1
Liberal Moelwyn Hughes 13,983 31.6 −7.8
Majority 16,324 36.8 +27.9
Turnout 44,290 79.7 +0.1
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Godfrey Dalrymple-White 21,161 48.3 −12.7
Liberal Cecil Ramage 17,220 39.4 +0.4
Labour Arthur Leonard Williams 5,380 12.3 New
Majority 3,941 8.9 −13.1
Turnout 43,761 79.6 +0.9
Unionist hold Swing -6.6
General election 1924: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Godfrey Dalrymple-White 17,430 61.0 +12.8
Liberal John Brunner 11,158 39.0 −12.8
Majority 6,272 22.0 N/A
Turnout 28,588 78.7 +2.8
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing
Brunner
General election 1923: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Brunner 13,704 51.8 +5.0
Unionist Thomas Comyn-Platt 12,776 48.2 −5.0
Majority 928 3.6 N/A
Turnout 26,480 75.9 −0.4
Liberal gain from Unionist Swing +5.0
General election 1922: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Godfrey Dalrymple-White 13,733 53.2 −18.8
Liberal John Brunner 12,068 46.8 New
Majority 1,665 6.4 −37.6
Turnout 25,801 76.3 +14.7
Unionist hold Swing

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1918: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist Godfrey Dalrymple-White 14,707 72.0 +19.7
Labour Arthur Greenwood 5,727 28.0 New
Majority 8,980 44.0 +39.4
Turnout 20,434 61.6 −24.0
Unionist hold Swing
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
Woodcock
General election December 1910: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Godfrey Dalrymple-White 7,467 52.3 +0.9
Liberal H. B. D. Woodcock 6,798 47.7 −0.9
Majority 669 4.6 +1.8
Turnout 14,265 85.6 −3.6
Conservative hold Swing
General election January 1910: Southport
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Godfrey Dalrymple-White 7,637 51.4 +2.3
Liberal Maurice de Forest 7,218 48.6 −2.3
Majority 419 2.8 N/A
Turnout 14,855 89.2 +1.9
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing

Elections in the 1900s

Astbury
General election 1906: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Astbury 6,607 50.9 +1.9
Conservative Edward Marshall Hall 6,367 49.1 −1.9
Majority 240 1.8 N/A
Turnout 12,974 87.3 +5.0
Registered electors 14,854
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +1.9
General election 1900: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward Marshall Hall 5,522 51.0 −3.0
Liberal George Augustus Pilkington 5,313 49.0 +3.0
Majority 209 2.0 −6.0
Turnout 10,835 82.3 −0.7
Registered electors 13,164
Conservative hold Swing −3.0

Elections in the 1890s

Pilkington
By-election 30 May 1899: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal George Augustus Pilkington 5,635 52.7 +6.7
Conservative Charles Balfour 5,052 47.3 −6.7
Majority 583 5.4 N/A
Turnout 10,687 84.4 +1.4
Registered electors 12,656
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +6.7
  • Caused by Naylor-Leyland's death.
By-election 24 Aug 1898: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Herbert Naylor-Leyland 5,100 51.4 +5.4
Conservative Edward Bootle-Wilbraham 4,828 48.6 −5.4
Majority 272 2.8 N/A
Turnout 9,928 80.1 −2.9
Registered electors 12,395
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +5.4
General election 1895: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Curzon 5,162 54.0 +0.6
Liberal Herbert Naylor-Leyland 4,399 46.0 −0.6
Majority 763 8.0 +1.2
Turnout 9,561 83.0 −1.6
Registered electors 11,523
Conservative hold Swing +0.6
General election 1892: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Curzon 4,752 53.4 +0.1
Liberal George Pollard 4,148 46.6 −0.1
Majority 604 6.8 +0.2
Turnout 8,900 84.6 +1.8
Registered electors 10,514
Conservative hold Swing +0.1

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Curzon 3,723 53.3 +4.4
Liberal George Augustus Pilkington 3,262 46.7 −4.4
Majority 461 6.6 N/A
Turnout 6,985 82.8 −4.0
Registered electors 8,437
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +4.4
General election 1885: Southport[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal George Augustus Pilkington 3,741 51.1
Conservative John Edwards-Moss 3,581 48.9
Majority 160 2.2
Turnout 7,322 86.8
Registered electors 8,437
Liberal win (new seat)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. ^ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
  3. ^ This is above the usual barony in the peerage.

References

  1. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – North West". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  2. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 5 North West region.
  3. ^ LGBCE. "West Lancashire | LGBCE". www.lgbce.org.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  4. ^ "The West Lancashire (Electoral Changes) Order 2022".
  5. ^ "New Seat Details - Southport". www.electoralcalculus.co.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  6. ^ "EU Referendum Results". BBC News. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  7. ^ "Revised estimates of Leave vote share in Westminster constituencies". Medium. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  8. ^ Unemployment claimants by constituency The Guardian
  9. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 4)
  10. ^ "Patrick Hurley chosen as Labour's Southport candidate". Liverpool Echo. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  11. ^ Southport Conservatives [@ConservativesSP] (13 July 2023). "🥀 No local candidates on the Labour shortlist, and bitter divisions emerging. 🔵 Contrast with Southport's Conservative MP Damien Moore, who was re-adopted unanimously back in January as our parliamentary candidate, and is continuing all of his fantastic work for our town" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  12. ^ "Southport Constituency". Reform UK. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  13. ^ "Liberal Democrat Prospective Parliamentary Candidates". Mark Pack. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  14. ^ "Edwin Black – Our Candidate for Southport". Green Party of England and Wales. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  15. ^ Cllr Sean Halsall [@HalsallSean] (15 April 2024). "I've decided to back myself after a crazy week with so many people from across our movement and more importantly in the town reaching out to ask me to run. I'm doing this because I believe Southport deserves better than what's on offer" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. ^ "Southport Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  17. ^ "Southport parliamentary constituency". BBC News.
  18. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  19. ^ "Southport". BBC News. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  20. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  21. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  22. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  23. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  24. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  25. ^ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  26. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  27. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.

Sources

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