Orthography system for Taiwanese Hokkien
Taiwanese Hangul (Hangul: 대끼깐뿐; Chinese: 臺語諺文; pinyin: Táiyǔ Yànwén; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-gí Gān-bûn) is an orthography system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Taiwanese). Developed and promoted by Taiwanese linguist Hsu Tsao-te [zh] in 1987, it uses modified Hangul letters to represent spoken Taiwanese, and was later supported by Ang Ui-jin.[1][2] Because both Chinese characters and Hangul are both written in the space of square boxes, unlike letters of the Latin alphabet, the use of Chinese-Hangul mixed writing is able to keep the spacing between the two scripts more consistent compared to Chinese-Latin mixed writing.
Letters
Initials
Vowels
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Diphthongs & Triphthongs
| Diphthongs
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ᅢ [aɪ]
ㄞ (ai)
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알 [aʊ]
ㄠ (au)
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ᅣ [ɪa]
ㄧㄚ (ia)
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ᅧ [ɪo]
ㄧㄜ (io)
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ᅲ [iu]
ㄧㄨ (iu)
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ᅪ [ua]
ㄨㄚ (oa)
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ᅰ [ue]
ㄨㆤ (oe)
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ᅱ [ui]
ㄨㄧ (ui)
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| Triphthongs
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얄 [ɪaʊ]
ㄧㄠ (iau)
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ᅫ [uai]
ㄨㄞ (oai)
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Coda endings
Tone markings
| No.
|
Hangul
|
Latin diacritics
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Chinese tone name
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Examples
Hangul/Latin/Hanzi (Listen 🔊)
meaning
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| 1
|
ᄋ
|
absent
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陰平 (yinping)
dark level
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카ᄋ/kha/跤 🔊
foot; leg
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| 2
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ᄅ
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◌́
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上聲 (sióng-siaⁿ)/陰上 (yinshang)
rising / dark rising
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쥐ㄹ/tsúi/水 🔊
water
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| 3
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ᄂ
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◌̀
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陰去 (yinqu)
dark departing
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갈ㄴ/kàu/到 🔊
arrive
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| 4
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ᄋ
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absent
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陰入 (yinru)
dark entering
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빻ㅇ/bah/肉 🔊
meat
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| 5
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ᄉ
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◌̂
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陽平 (yangping)
light level
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옹ㅅ/ông/王 🔊
king
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(6)
appears only in Lukang dialect;
merged to 7 in the prestige dialect
|
not devised
|
◌̆
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陽上 (yangshang)
light rising
|
[]/huǎn (Lukang)/犯
violate / commit (a crime)
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| 7
|
ᄀ
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◌̄
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陽去 (yangqu)
light departing
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환ㄱ/huān (prestige)/犯 🔊
violate / commit (a crime)
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| 8
|
ᄇ
|
̍
(overstroke/vertical line above)
|
陽入 (yangru)
light entering
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쫳ㅂ/joa̍h/熱 🔊
hot
|
| Continuous tone sandhi
|
ㅣ
|
absent
|
occurs when a character/syllable is
before another one in a phrase.
Rule of the prestige dialect:
5→7, 7→3, 3→2, 2→1, 1→7;
4→8, 8→4
|
대시끼ㄹ/Tâi-gí/臺語 🔊
Taiwanese language
|
Different use of Hangul between Taiwanese and Korean
|
Taiwanese Hokkien |
Korean |
Note
|
| ㅃ
|
/b/, a voiced consonant
|
/p͈/, a tense consonant
|
|
| ㄲ
|
/g/, a voiced consonant
|
/k͈/, a tense consonant
|
|
| ㅉ
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/ʣ/ or /ʥ/, a voiced consonant
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/t͡ɕ͈/, a tense consonant
|
|
| ㄸ
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/ŋ/,
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/t͈/
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as the syllable onset such as 따
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| ㅎ
|
/ʔ/, a glottal stop
|
/t̚/
|
as the syllable coda such as 앟
|
| ㅅ
|
/ⁿ/, vowel nasalization
|
/t̚/
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as the syllable coda such as 앗
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| ㅆ
|
/ⁿʔ/, a combination of ㅅ and ㅎ
|
/s͈/ or /t̚/
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as the syllable coda such as 았
|
| ᅥ
|
/o/ or /ə/
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/ʌ/
|
|
| ᅩ
|
/ɔ/
|
/o/
|
|
| ㅐ
|
/ai/
|
/ɛ/
|
|
| 알
|
/au/
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/aɭ/
|
|
| ㅡ
|
silent
|
/ɯ/
|
|
| ㅢ
|
읨/m̩ʔ/, 읭/ŋ̍ʔ/
|
/ɰi/, /i/, /ɛ/
|
|
Examples
| Taiwanese Hangul |
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
|
| Chinese characters
|
關係行善的教訓
恁著謹慎，毋通為著欲予儂看，故意蹛儂的面前顯示恁的善行；
恁若按呢做，恁就袂當對天父得著報賞。
|
|
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Chinese-Hangul
mixed writing
|
關係行善에教訓
린뎧謹慎，음탕為뎧뼇호儂看，故意돠儂에面前顯示린에善行；
린若안네做，린就뻬당뒤天父得뎧報賞。
|
Chinese-Latin
mixed writing
|
關係行善ê教訓
Lín tio̍h謹慎，m̄-thang為tio̍h boeh hō͘儂看，故意toà儂ê面前顯示lín ê善行；
Lín若án-ne做，lín就bē-tàng tùi天父得tio̍h報賞。
|
| Hangul
|
관헤 형센 에 갈훈
린 뎧 긴신，음탕 위뎧 뼇 호 랑 쾃，고이 돠 랑 에 삔졍 헨시 린 에 센형；
린 나 안네 저，린 쥬 뻬당 뒤 텐후 딛뎧 버슛。
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Romanization
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Koan-he Hêng-siān ê Kàu-hùn
Lín tio̍h kín-sīn, m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h boeh hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ, kò-ì toà lâng ê bīn-chêng hián-sī lín ê siān-hêng.
Lín nā án-ne chò, lín chiū bē-tàng tùi Thian-hū tit-tio̍h pò-siúⁿ.
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References
- ^ Dong Zhongsi (董忠司), 「台灣閩南語槪論」講授資料彙編, Taiwan Languages and Literature Society
- ^ 台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編
See also
External links
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Research |
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| Rime dictionaries | |
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