Tamanowas Rock is said to have first been used 10,000 years ago by the Chimakum (or Chemacum) people, leading to its alternate name "Chimacum Rock", whose name is also found in other local geographic features.[3] In accordance with legend, it may have been used as a refuge from the tsunami caused by the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, and earlier as a lookout for hunting now-extinct mastodon.[9] "Tamanowas" means "spirit power" in the Klallam language.[4]
Preservation
The site is either a registered archaeological site, or nominated to become one with the Washington State Department of Archaeology.[10]
In 2013, the rock was purchased with 62 acres (25 ha) of surrounding land by the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe for preservation, at the end of a series of loans and purchases by organizations including Washington State Parks, Bullitt Foundation and Jefferson Land Trust, that started in 2009.[5][6] The land was added to an existing 22-acre purchase by the tribe. Prior to this, it was a rock climbing site,[11][12] a practice which was ended when the S'Klallam Tribe took ownership.[1][7][13][4]
Desecration
In 2014, the rock was desecrated with graffiti, gaining national and international attention.[14][15][16][17][18][19]
The mineral composition is Eocene subaerialadakitic lava and lava breccia.[20] Dikes of similar composition exist in the Blue Hills near Bremerton 60 km away, both thought to be created by subduction of the Kula-Farallon Ridge beneath North America. They may be related by being part of a magmatic arc , they may be two isolated volcanic centers, or they may have been created at a single center and displaced along a fault (see Puget Sound faults).[21][22]
^ abMiddleton, Beth Rose (2011). Trust in the Land: New Directions in Tribal Conservation. University of Arizona Press. pp. 169–172. ISBN9780816502295.
^Hahn, M., A. Graettinger, J. Gustafson, Caroline J. Ponzini, et al. 2004. "Eocene pyroclastic deposits at Chimacum, Washington; adakite magmatism in the Cascadia Forearc." Abstracts With Programs - Geological Society Of America 36(4; 4): 69-69. abstract
^Tepper, J.; Clark, K.; Asmerom, Y.; McIntosh, W. (December 2002), "Eocene Adakites Associated With Initiation of Cascade Subduction, Puget Lowlands, WA", American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #V11A-1381, vol. 2002, Bibcode:2002AGUFM.V11A1381T, 2002AGUFM.V11A1381T
