A USSS Uniformed Division police officer and a USSS Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor near the White House in 2012A 2013 Ford Police Interceptor of the U.S. Secret Service Uniformed Division is pictured outside the White House in Washington, D.C., in July 2013Secret Service Ford TaurusSecret Service Ford Police Interceptor UtilityA U.S. Secret Service "counter-sniper" marksman on top of the White House's roof, armed with a sniper rifleA member of the Secret Service
Established in 1922 as the White House Police, this organization was fully integrated into the Secret Service in 1930.[1] In 1970, the protection of foreign diplomatic missions was added to the force's responsibilities, and its name was changed to the Executive Protective Service.[1][2] The name United States Secret Service Uniformed Division was adopted in 1977.[1][2]
In 1970, Phyllis Shantz became the first female officer sworn into the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division, then called the Executive Protective Service. In 1971, the first five official female Special Agents were sworn in - Laurie Anderson, Sue Baker, Kathryn Clark, Holly Hufschmidt, and Phyllis Shantz.[3][1]
With more than 1,300 officers as of 2010, the Uniformed Division is responsible for security at the White House Complex; the vice president's residence; the Department of the Treasury (as part of the White House Complex); and foreign diplomatic missions in the District of Columbia area. Uniformed Division officers carry out their protective responsibilities through a network of fixed security posts, foot, bicycle, vehicular and motorcycle patrols.
Organization
The Uniformed Division has four branches: the White House Branch, the Foreign Missions Branch, the Naval Observatory Branch and the Special Operations Branch.[4] Together they provide protection for the following: the president, vice president, and their immediate families; presidential candidates; the White House Complex; the Vice President's Residence; the main Treasury Department building and its annex facility; and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.[5]
Officers are responsible for providing additional support to the Secret Service's protective mission through the following five Special Operations Branch units:[6]
Created in 1976, the mission of the K-9 unit is to provide skilled and specialized explosives detection support to protective efforts involving Secret Service protectees.[6][5]
Emergency Response Team (ERT)
Created in 1985, ERT's primary mission is to provide tactical response to unlawful intrusions and other protective challenges related to the White House and its grounds. ERT personnel receive specialized, advanced training and must maintain a high level of physical and operational proficiency.[2][12][5] The ERT includes the Specialized Rifle Unit.[13] Since 2003, the ERT has included tactical K9 units.[14]
Airspace Security Branch
Develops and implements security plans to monitor and control the airspace surrounding locations visited by the president and vice president of the United States, National Special Security Events and other designated major events.[15][13]
Hazardous Agent Mitigation Medical Emergency Response (HAMMER)
Created in 2004, HAMMER supports the agency's protective mission through chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) detection and intervention, emergency medical support and rescue/extrication capabilities.[16][13][17]
Officers assigned to CS, ERT, and K9, are designated "Technicians" to recognize their advanced training.[18]
Formed to ensure that all persons entering secure areas occupied by Secret Service protectees are unarmed,[2][5] the Secret Service began relying on magnetometer (metal detector) support by Uniformed Division officers to augment its protective efforts away from the White House following the attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan.[5]
Crime Scene Search Unit
Photographs, collects, and processes physical and latent evidence.[19]
Motorcade Support Unit
Specializes in the operational support for all official protectee motorcade movements.[15]
Special Operations Section
Handles special duties and functions at the White House Complex, including conducting tours.[19]
The Secret Service Uniformed Division's statutory authority is set out in Title 18, §3056A of the U.S. Code.[20]
Ranks
Uniformed Division ranks, set out in the salary schedule in Title 5, § 10203 of the United States Code, are as follows:[21]
A United States Secret Service sniper team at a Trump rally in The Villages, Florida, in October 2020
Chief
Assistant Chief
Deputy Chief
Inspector
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Officer
Current weapons
Like all other officers, the standard sidearm for the Uniformed Division is the 9mmGlock 19. Officers are trained on standard shoulder weapons that include the FN P90 submachine gun,[22] the 9mm Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, and the 12-gaugeRemington 870shotgun.[22] The continued use of the MP5 remains a source of controversy as many other federal agencies have moved away from submachine guns altogether and replaced them with automatic rifles.[23]
Units assigned to the Special Operations Branch carry a variety of non-standard weapons. The Emergency Response Team (ERT) is issued with the Knight's Armament Company SR-16 CQB rifle chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO. [24]
Uniformed Division technicians assigned to the Counter Sniper Team use custom built .300 Winchester Magnum-chambered bolt-action rifles referred to as JARs ("Just Another Rifle").[citation needed] These rifles use Remington 700 actions in Accuracy International stocks with Schmidt & Bender optics.[citation needed] CS technicians also use the 7.62mm Mk11 Mod 0 semi-automatic sniper rifle with a Trijicon 5.5× ACOG optic. [25]
^James, Nathan (September 3, 2015). Federal Tactical Teams (Report). CRS Report for Congress, R44179. Congressional Research Service. p. 23. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
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