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The subfamily Vespinae contains the largest and best-known groups of eusocialwasps, including true hornets (the genus Vespa), and the "yellowjackets" (genera Dolichovespula and Vespula).[1] The remaining genus, Provespa, is a small, poorly known group of nocturnal wasps from Southeast Asia. One genus, Palaeovespa, has been described the Paleocene to Eocenefossil records of North America and Europe.[2] Collectively, the group can be found on all continents except Antarctica, and several of these wasps are invasive species, introduced beyond their native ranges, and can be major pests.
