Deshidrohalogenazio
Deshidrohalogenazioa eliminazio-erreakzio bat da non hidrogeno haluro bat substratu batetik erauzten den.
Alkil haluroen deshidrogenazioa
Deshidrogenaziorik inportanteenetako bat alkil haluroena da. Alkil haluroak alkeno bat sortzeko gaitasuna izan behar du eta horregatik metil eta bentzil haluroak ez dira substratu egokiak. Aril haluroak ere ez dira egokiak.
Base baten bidezkoa
Base sendo baten bidez tratatzen direnean alkil kloruro askok dagokion alkenoa ematen dute[1]. Hona adibide batzuk:
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {Cl} {}+{}\mathrm {KOH} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{=}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {KCl} {}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ddb3a6511e5cf71cb1d7045992cbb32d54d6808a)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {CHCl} {}+{}\mathrm {KOH} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CH} {=}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {KCl} {}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/acd3e10e2c8c0451490531c230d97606e7d9f808)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CHClCH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{}+{}\mathrm {KOH} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CH} {=}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {KCl} {}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9acc2833423e131544fe215c96561bf57191c2e)
Isomeroak ager daitezkeen kasuetan Zaitsev-en araua aplikatzen da eta ordezkatuen dagoen isomeroa produzitzen da gehien.
Cracking bidezkoa
Eskala industrialean deshidrohalogenazio basikoak ez dira egokiak, erreakzioan sortzen den haluro alkalinoa tratatzea arazoak sor ditzakeelako. Horren ordez bero bidez bideratutako crackinga lehenesten da. Adibidez,1,2-dikloroetanoa berotuz binil kloruroa lortzen da[2].
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {ClCH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {Cl} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{=}\mathrm {CHCl} {}+{}\mathrm {HCl} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/95cec0491a106d106866e5440d72d8c09e2c5014)
Hondar bezala produzitzen de hidrogeno kloruroa oxiklorazio-erreakzioetarako usatzen da.
Beste adibide bat da, fluoroalkenoen sintesia deshidrofluorazio termikoaren bidez: 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropenoa 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropanotik.
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CF} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {HCH} (\mathrm {F} )\mathrm {CF} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CHF} {=}\mathrm {C} (\mathrm {F} )\mathrm {CF} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{}+{}\mathrm {HF} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0d083ef12d03871ce020fed2d3e91d08d468b2e)
Epoxidoen sorrera
Halohidrinek, bereziki klorohidrinek, deshidrohalogenazioa pairatzen duten epoxidoak emateko[3]. Erreakzio hau industrian baliatzen da 1-kloropropan-2-oletik urtero milaka tona propilen oxidoa lortzeko[4].
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CH} (\mathrm {OH} )\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {Cl} {}+{}\mathrm {KOH} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {CH} (\mathrm {O} )\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {}+{}\mathrm {KCl} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3af59d0aad825a296a77c7d86180fa0181f6e7a7)
Erreferentziak
- ↑ March, Jerry. (1985). Advanced organic chemistry : reactions, mechanisms, and structure. (3rd ed. argitaraldia) Wiley ISBN 0-471-88841-9. PMC 10998226. (kontsulta data: 2021-04-25).
- ↑ (Ingelesez) Rossberg, Manfred; Lendle, Wilhelm; Pfleiderer, Gerhard; Tögel, Adolf; Dreher, Eberhard-Ludwig; Langer, Ernst; Rassaerts, Heinz; Kleinschmidt, Peter et al.. (2006). «Chlorinated Hydrocarbons» Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (American Cancer Society) doi:. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2. (kontsulta data: 2021-04-25).
- ↑ Anakabe, Eneritz & Arrasate,, Sonia. (2012). Kimika organikoa. EHU, 20 or. ISBN 978-84-9860-672-0..
- ↑ Nijhuis, T. Alexander; Makkee, Michiel; Moulijn, Jacob A.; Weckhuysen, Bert M.. (2006-05-01). «The Production of Propene Oxide: Catalytic Processes and Recent Developments» Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45 (10): 3447–3459. doi:. ISSN 0888-5885. (kontsulta data: 2021-04-25).
Kanpo estekak
| Autoritate kontrola |
|
|---|
Datuak: Q3045102
Multimedia: Dehydrohalogenation / Q3045102
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.
