Hexosa
Hexosa sei karbono atomodun monosakarido bat da, formula duena. Hexosak beren talde funtzionalaren arabera sailkatzen dira: aldohexosek karbonodun katearen 1. posizioan aldehido talde bat dute eta zetohexosek aldiz 2. posizioan zetona talde bat.
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{12}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3aa82f56a03743f2a75980174ea1d4a63669f13e)
Aldohexosak
Aldohexosek lau zentru kiral dituztenez, 16 estereoisomero posible dituzte (24). D edo L konfigurazioa 5. posizioko hidroxilo taldearen orientazioaren araberakoa da, eta ez bere aktibitate optikoaren norantzaren araberakoa. Honakoak dira zortzi D-aldohexosak:
CH=O CH=O CH=O CH=O | | | | HC-OH HO-CH HC-OH HO-CH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HO-CH HO-CH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH | | | | CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-Alosa D-Altrosa D-Glukosa D-Manosa
CH=O CH=O CH=O CH=O | | | | HC-OH HO-CH HC-OH HO-CH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HO-CH HO-CH | | | | HO-CH HO-CH HO-CH HO-CH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH | | | | CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-Gulosa D-Idosa D-Galaktosa D-Talosa
D isomero guzti hauetatik denak agertzen dira naturan, altrosa ezik. L-altrosa berriz Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens bakterioan aurkitu ahal izan da.
1926tik jakina da sei karbonodun aldosek hemiazetal ziklikoak osatzen dituztela.
Zetohexosak
Zetohexosek hiru zentru kiral dituztenez, zortzi estereoisomero posible dituzte (23). Hauetatik oraingoz lau D isomeroak bakarrik aurkitu dira naturan:
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH | | | | C=O C=O C=O C=O | | | | HC-OH HO-CH HC-OH HO-CH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HO-CH HO-CH | | | | HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH | | | | CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-psikosa D-fruktosa D-sorbosa D-tagatosa
Legamiek, naturalki sortutako hexosak bakarrik probestu ditzakete hartziduraz.
Ikus, gainera
Kanpo estekak
| Karbono hidratoak | ||
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