Kabilu a Chadi

Yawan jama'ar Chadi na ƙabilu da yawa. SIL Ethnologue ya ba da rahoton fiye da yarurruka 130 da ake magana a Chadi.^[1]

Mutanen Chadi miliyan 14 na cikin ƙabilu kusan 200, waɗanda ke magana da yarurruka da yawa. Mutanen Chadi suna da manyan zuriya daga Gabas, Tsakiya, Yammaci, da Arewacin Afirka. Ana iya rarraba yawan mutane tsakanin waɗanda ke gabas, arewa da yamma waɗanda ke kuma bin addinin Islama, da kuma mutanen kudu, manyan larduna biyar na kudu, waɗanda galibi Krista ne ko kuma masu son rai. Yankin Kudancin kasar tarihi ne ya ratsa hanyoyin hanyoyin ayari da ke kasa da Sahara, ya samar da mahada tsakanin Afirka ta Yamma da yankin larabawa, da kuma wanda ke tsakanin Arewacin Afirka da Saharar Afirka.^[2][3] Cinikin bayi tsakanin yankin kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya ya ratsa ta kasuwannin bayi na Chadi da Yammacin Sudan, fataucin bayi ya kasance babban jigon tarihin tattalin arzikin Chadi, kuma wannan ya kawo mutanen kabilu daban-daban cikin Chadi. CIA Factbook ya kiyasta mafi yawan kabilu kamar na kidayar shekarar 2014-2015 kamar haka:

Sauran ƙabilun da ba a san su ba sun yi imani da zama a cikin Chadi sun haɗa da mutanen Kujarke.

Musulinci ya fara ne tun daga ƙarni na 8 kuma mafi yawanci an kammala shi ne a ranar 11, lokacin da Islama ta zama addinin hukuma na Daular Kanem-Bornu. Shuwa ta kafa tattalin arzikin cinikin bayi a faɗin yankin Sudan, kuma a Chadi akwai al'adar fatattakar bayi (ghazw) ƙarƙashin Ouaddai da Baguirmi wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na 20.^[4]

Shuwa na Chadi sun kafa ƙungiya mai kamanceceniya ɗaya, wacce aka keɓance a yankunan Chari Baguirmi da Ouaddai, amma galibi seminomadic. Sauran kungiyoyin Musulmai sun hada da Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe / Fulani, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, da Maba.

Daga cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ba musulmai ba, mafi mahimmanci (kuma rukuni mafi girma a cikin Chadi) su ne Sara, kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar. Suna zaune ne a cikin kwarin Chari da Logone kuma manoma ne masu ƙwarewar fasaha. Sauran sun hada da Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, da Massa.^[5][6]

Yaren yare-yare, ana iya rarraba ƙungiyoyin zuwa:

• Shuwa mai jin yaren Chadi
• Cadiic : Marba, Hausa, kananan kungiyoyi da yawa
• Nilo-Sahara :
  • Maban (Ouaddai)
  • Saharan : Kanembu, Kanuri, Zaghawa, Toubou
  • Gabashin Sudanic : Daju
  • Sudan ta Tsakiya : Baguirmi, Sinyar
• Nijar-Congo :
  • Bua
  • Atlantic-Congo : Mutanen Fula.

1. ↑ Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition, online version
2. ↑ M. J. Azevedo (2005). The Roots of Violence: A History of War in Chad. Routledge. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-1-135-30080-7.
3. ↑ Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2016-12-01). "Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics (in Turanci). 99 (6): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5142112. PMID 27889059.
4. ↑ Martha Kneib (2007). Chad. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-7614-2327-0., Quote: "In the past, a key component of Chad's economy was the slave trade" (see photo's caption).
5. ↑ Christopher R. DeCorse (2001). West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 131–139. ISBN 978-0-7185-0247-8.
6. ↑ "The World Factbook". CIA.gov. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.