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Чхандас (дев. छंदः) — одна из веданг (разделов примыкающей к Ведам пояснительной обрядовой и научной литературы), древнеиндийские трактаты по метрике, объясняющие и трактующие ведийский поэтический метр.
Семь основных ведийских стихотворных размеров[1]
| Метр
|
Слоговая структура |
Число стихов[2] |
Примеры[3]
|
| Gāyatrī
|
8 8 8 |
2447 |
Ригведа 7.1.1-30, 8.2.14[4]
|
| Uṣṇih
|
8 8 12 |
341 |
Ригведа 1.8.23-26[5]
|
| Anuṣṭubh
|
8 8 8 8 |
855 |
Ригведа 8.69.7-16, 10.136.7[6]
|
| Bṛhatī
|
8 8 12 8 |
181 |
Ригведа 5.1.36, 3.9.1-8[7]
|
| Pankti
|
8 8 8 8 + 8 |
312 |
Ригведа 1.80–82[8].
|
| Triṣṭubh
|
11 11 11 11 |
4253 |
Ригведа 4.50.4, 7.3.1-12[9]
|
| Jagatī
|
12 12 12 12 |
1318 |
Ригведа 1.51.13, 9.110.4-12[10]
|
Литература
- Klaus Mylius, Geschichte der altindischen Literatur, Wiesbaden 1983.
- B. van Nooten und G. Holland, Rig Veda, a metrically restored text, Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 1994.
- E.V. Arnold, Vedic metre in its historical development, Cambridge, UP, 1905.
- H. Oldenberg, Prolegomena on Metre and Textual History of the IAST: Ṛgveda, Berlin 1888. Tr. V.G. Paranjpe and M.A. Mehendale, Motilal Banarsidass 2005 ISBN 81-208-0986-6
- F. Max Müller, Vedic Hymns, Part I (Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 32)
- Arnold, Edward Vernon. Vedic Metre in its historical development. — Cambridge University Press (Reprint 2009), 1905. — ISBN 978-1113224446. (Also here)
- Gunkel, Dieter and Kevin M. Ryan. (2018) "Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification". In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 34–52. Leiden: Brill.
- Macdonell, A. A. (1916) A Vedic Grammar for Students. Appendix II. Vedic Metre (pp. 436–447).
- Müller, F. Max, Vedic Hymns, Part I (Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 32)
- Mylius, Klaus (1983) Geschichte der altindischen Literatur, Wiesbaden.
- Oldenberg, H. Prolegomena on Metre and Textual History of the IAST: Ṛgveda, Berlin 1888. Tr. V. G. Paranjpe and M. A. Mehendale, Motilal Banarsidass 2005 ISBN 81-208-0986-6
- Sharma, Arvind (2000). "Of Śūdras, Sūtas, and Ślokas: Why is the Mahābhārata preeminently in the Anuṣṭubh Metre?". Indo-Iranian Journal. 43 (2000) (3): 225–278. doi:10.1163/000000000124994047. JSTOR 24663308. S2CID 189770752..
- van Nooten, B. und G. Holland, Rig Veda, a metrically restored text, Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 1994.
- Wilke, Annette. Sound and Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism / Wilke, Annette, Oliver Moebus. — Walter de Gruyter, 2011. — ISBN 978-3-11-018159-3.
- Wilson, Horace Hayman. An introduction to the grammar of the Sanskrit language. — Madden, 1841.
Примечания
- ↑ Tatyana J. Elizarenkova. Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis. — State University of New York Press, 1995. — P. 111–121. — ISBN 978-0-7914-1668-6.
- ↑ Sharma, 2000, pp. 232.
- ↑ Wilson, 1841, pp. 418-422.
- ↑ Arnold, 1905, pp. 10, 48.
- ↑ Arnold, 1905, p. 48.
- ↑ Arnold, 1905, p. 11, 50 with note ii(a).
- ↑ Arnold, 1905, p. 48, 66 with note 110(i).
- ↑ Macdonell (1916), p. 440.
- ↑ Arnold, 1905, pp. 48 with table 91, 13 with note 48, 279 with Mandala VII table.
- ↑ Arnold, 1905, pp. 12 with note 46, 13 with note 48, 241-242 with note 251.
Ссылки
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