Azerbaijan

Republic o Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Respublikası  (Azerbaijani)
Banner Emblem
Anthem:  Azərbaycan marşı "Mairch o Azerbaijan"
Location o Azerbaijan (green)
Caipital	Baku 40°25′N 49°50′E / 40.417°N 49.833°E / 40.417; 49.833
Offeecial leids	Azerbaijani
Ethnic minority leids	Armenian (anerly in Nagorno-Karabakh), Avar, Budukh, Georgie, Juhuri, Khinalug, Kryts, Lezgian, Roushie, Rutul, Tat, Tatar, Tsakhur an Udi
Demonym(s)	Azerbaijani
Govrenment	Unitary dominant-pairty semi-presidential republic
• Preses	Ilham Aliyev
• Vice Preses	Mehriban Aliyeva
• Prime Meenister	Ali Asadov
Legislatur	Naitional Assembly
Formation
• Democratic Republic	28 Mey 1918
• Soviet Socialist Republic	28 Aprile 1920
• Independence from Soviet Union	30 August 1991 (declared) 18 October 1991 (unthirldom) 25 December 1991 (completit)
• Constitution adopted	12 November 1995
Aurie
• Total	86,600 km2 (33,400 sq mi) (112t)
• Water (%)	1.6
Population
• 2016 estimate	9,754,830[1] (89t)
• Density	112.6/km2 (291.6/sq mi) (103rd)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$167.905 billion[2]
• Per capita	$17,688[2]
GDP (nominal)	2016 estimate
• Tot	$35.686  billion[2]
• Per capita	$3,759[2]
Gini (2008)	33.7[3] medium
HDI (2013)	0.751[4] heich · 76th
Currency	Manat (₼) (AZN)
Time zone	AZT (UTC+04)
Drivin side	richt
Cawin code	+994
ISO 3166 code	AZ
Internet TLD	.az

Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), offeecially the Republic o Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası) is the lairgest kintra in the Sooth Caucasus region o Eurasie. Locatit at the crossroads o Eastren Europe an Wastren Asie,^[5] it is boondit bi the Caspian Sea tae the east, Roushie tae the north, Georgie tae the northwast, Armenie tae the wast, an Iran tae the sooth.

The exclave o Nakhchivan is boondit bi Armenie tae the north an east, Iran tae the sooth an wast, while haein a short borderline wi Turkey tae the northwast. The enclaves o Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı an Sofulu are surroondit bi Armenie an hae been controlled bi it syne the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The majority-Armenian populatit Nagorno-Karabakh region in the southwest o Azerbaijan declared itself independent frae Azerbaijan in 1991, but it is no diplomatically recognised bi ony naition an is still considered a de jure pairt o Azerbaijan, bein occupied bi Armenian forces.^[6][7][8][9]

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic wis the first successfu attempt tae establish a democratic an secular republic in the Muslim warld.^[10][11] Nouadays Azerbaijan, a naition wi a majority Turkic^[12][13] an Shi‘ite Muslim^[14] population, is a secular an a unitary republic wi an auncient an historic cultural heritage. Azerbaijan haes diplomatic relations wi 158 kinrtas sae far an haulds membership in 38 internaitional organisations.^[15] Azerbaijan is ane o the foondin members o GUAM an the Organisation for the Prohibition o Chemical Weapons, an jynt the Commonwealth o Independent States in September 1993.^[16] On 9 Mey 2006 Azerbaijan wis electit tae membership in the newly established Human Richts Council bi the Unitit Naitions General Assembly. The term o office began on 19 Juin 2006.^[17] A Special Envoy o the European Commission is present in the kintra, which is an' a' a member o the Unitit Naitions, the OSCE, the Council o Europe, an the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) program. The kintra an aa haulds observer status in the Non-Aligned Movement an Warld Tred Organisation an is a correspondent at the Internaitional Telecommunication Union.^[15]

The name o Azerbaijan derives frae Atropates,^[18][19] a Persian^{[20][21][22][23][24]} satrap unner the Achaemenid Empire, that wis later reinstatit as the satrap o Media unner Alexander the Great.^[25][26] The oreeginal etymology o this name is thocht tae hae its roots in the auncient Iranian releegion o Zoroastrianism. In the Avesta, Frawardin Yasht ("Hymn tae the Guardian Angels"), thare is a mention o âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, which literally translates frae Avestan as "we worship the Fravashi o the holy Atare-pata".^[27]

Atropates ruled ower the region o Atropatene (present-day Iranian Azerbaijan). The name "Atropates" itself is the Greek transliteration o an Auld-Iranian, probably Median, compoondit name wi the meanin "Protectit bi the (Holy) Fire". The Greek name is mentioned bi Diodorus Siculus an Strabo, an it is continued as ādurbādagān in the Middle Persian geographical text Shahrestānihā i Erānshahr.^[28] The wird is translatable as baith "the treasury" an "the treasurer" o fire in Modren Persian.

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