Atoma
Atoma lea partihkkal mii sisttisdoallá protovnnaid ja neutrovnnaid, man birra leat elektronbalvvat. Atoma lea kemiijalaš álgoávdnasiid vuođđooassi. Álgoávdnasat earuhuvvojit das man máŋga protovnnat leat váimmus. Ovdamearkka dihte juohke atoma mas leat 11 protovnna lea natrium ja juohke atoma mas leat 17 protovnna lea klora. Neutronaid lohku mearrida makkár isotopa lea.
Atomat leat hui smávvát, dábálaččat birrasiid 100 picomehtera doarráset. Olbmo vuovttat leat sullii miljovnna karbona atomat govdosat. Atomat leat unnit go oinnolaš čuovga, mii mearkkaša ahte olbmot eai oainne atomaid dábálaš mikroskohpaiguin. Atomat leat nu unnit, ahte daid láhttema dárkilet mearrideapmi klassihkalaš fysihka vehkiin ii leat vejolaš hivodat váikkuhusaid geažil.
Eanet go 99,94% ovtta atoma mássas lea váimmus. Protovnain lea positiiva elektralaš gealdu. Elektrovnnain lea negatiiva elektralaš gealdu. Neutrovnnain ii leat elektralaš gealdu. Jus protona ja elektralaš lohkku lea seamma, de lea atoma elektralaš neutrála. Jus atomas leat eanet dahje unnit elektrovnnat go protovnnat, de das lea oppalaš negatiiva dahje positiivalaš gealdu. Dákkár atomat gohčoduvvojit ionain.
Elektrovnnat atomas geasuhuvvojit protovnnaide atoma váimmus elektromagnetalaš fámu bokte. Protovnnat ja neutrovnnat váimmus geasuhuvvojit nuppi nubbai váimmus fámuin. Dát fápmu lea dábálaččat gievrrat go elektromagnetalaš fápmu mii hoiga positiiva protovnnaid eret nuppi nuppis. Muhton dilálašvuođain šaddá dat elektromagnehtalaš fápmu mii hoiga gievrrat go váimmus fápmu. Go dat geavvá de dát váimmus juohkása ja guođđa iešguđet elemeanttaid. Dát lea muhtin lagan váimmussuonjardeapmi.
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