Intifada
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Intifada (ali prva intifada ali prva palestinska intifada) je bila[1] palestinska vstaja proti izraelski okupaciji palestinskega ozemlja,[2] ki je trajala od decembra 1987 do konference v Madridu leta 1991 [3] Vstaja se je začela 9. decembra[4], v begunskem taborišču Jaballa po vrsti stopnjevanja ukrepov in smrti. Na Palestinski in izraelski strani je med državljani napetost dosegla vrelišče, ko se je izraelska vojska s tovornjakom zaletela v avto in pri tem ubila štiri Palestince[5]. Govorice, da je bila nesreča namerno dejanje so se hitro razširile po vsej Gazi, Zahodnem bregu in po vzhodnem Jeruzalemu. V odgovor so Palestinci izvedli splošno stavko, bojkot izraelskih civilnih upravnih institucij v Gazi in na Zahodnem bregu, državljansko nepokorščino in gospodarski bojkot, ki se je izražal v zavračanju izraelskih proizvodov, zavrnitev plačila davkov, zavrnitev vožnje palestinskih avtomobilov z izraelskimi registrskimi oznakami, grafitih in barikadah[6][7]. Poleg bojkota so metali kamenje in molotovke na izraelsko vojsko in njeno infrastrukturo znotraj palestinskih ozemelj. Izrael je napotil 80.000 vojakov, da bi zatrli vstajo. V prvih dveh letih je, po navedvah Save the Children, približno 7 % vseh Palestincev, mlajših od 18 let, utrpelo poškodbe od streljanja in pretepanja. Sprejeli so politiko "zlom kosti Palestincev" ki je pomenila uporabo pravih nabojev proti civilistom in uporabo solzivca.[navedi vir]
Sledila je druga intifada, ki je potekala od septembra 2000 do 2005.
Viri
- ↑ Robert A. Pape, James K. Feldman, Cutting the Fuse: The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It, University of Chicago Press, 2010 p.221.'Palestinian resistance moved from unarmed violent rebellion with no use of suicide attacks in the First Intifada, to large-scale suicide bombings and armed rebellion in the Second Intifada.'(p.237)
- ↑ Lockman; Beinin (1989), p. 5.
- ↑ Nami Nasrallah, 'The First and Second Palestinian intifadas,' in David Newman, Joel Peters (eds.) Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Routledge, 2013pp.56-67, p.56.
- ↑ Edward Said,'Intifada and Independence', in Zachery Lockman, Joel Beinin, (eds.) Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation,South End Press, 1989 pp.5-22, p.5:'The Palestinian uprising (intifada) on the West Bank and Gaza is said to have begun on December 9, 1987'
- ↑ David McDowall,Palestine and Israel: the uprising and beyond,University of California Press, 1989 p.1
- ↑ BBC: A History of Conflict
- ↑ Walid Salem, 'Human Security from Below: Palestinian Citizens Protection Strrategies, 1988-2005 ,' in Monica den Boer, Jaap de Wilde (eds.), The viability of human security,Amsterdam University Press, 2008 pp.179-201 p.190.
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