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Serin

Serin
Skeletal formula
L-serin
Imena
IUPAC ime
serine
Druga imena
2-amino-3-hidroksipropanojska kislina
Identifikatorji
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.250
EC število
  • 206-130-6
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
    Key: MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N
  • InChI=1/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)
  • C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O
Lastnosti[2]
C3H7NO3
Molska masa 105,09 g·mol−1
Videz beli kristali ali prah
Gostota 1,603 g/cm3 (22 °C)
Tališče 246 °C (475 °F; 519 K) decomposes
topen
Kislost (pKa) 2,21 (karboksil), 9,15 (amino)[1]
Če ni navedeno drugače, podatki veljajo za material v standardnem stanju pri 25 °C, 100 kPa).
Sklici infopolja

Serin (skrajšano Ser ali S) je polarna aminokislina. Sodi med neesencialne aminokisline, torej jih človek lahko sintetizira sam in jih običajno ni treba dodajati v prehrano. Je tudi proteinogena aminokislina, ki jo kodirajo kodoni UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU in AGC.

Zgodovina

Serin so prvič pridobili iz svile leta 1865, in ga po njej tudi poimenovali (latinska beseda za svilo je sericum). Kemijska struktura je bila opisana leta 1902.[3]

Biosinteza

Serin se sintetizira iz 3-fosfoglicerata (intermediat glikolize).[4][5]

Biosinteza serina

Možna je tudi sinteza iz druge aminokisline, glicina, v reverzibilni reakciji (glicin v serin ali serin v glicin), ki ga katalizira encim serin hidroksimetiltransferaza.[6]

D-serin

V možganih encim serin racemaza iz L-serina sintetizira enantiomer D-serin, ki je nevromodulator – vpliva na prenos signalov med celicami osrednjega živčevja,[7] pa tudi v hrustancu[8] in ledvicah.[9] D-serin je v fazi testiranja za zdravljenje shizofrenije in amiotrofične lateralne skleroze.[10][11]

Viri

  1. Dawson, R.M.C., et al., Data for Biochemical Research, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959.
  2. Weast, Robert C., ur. (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd izd.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. str. C-512. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8.
  3. »Serine«. The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th ed. encyclopedia.com. Pridobljeno 8. aprila 2016.
  4. Stryer, Lubert (1988). Biochemistry (3. izd.). New York: W.H. Freeman. str. 580. ISBN 978-0-7167-1843-7.
  5. KEGG EC 3.1.3.3 etc.
  6. Lehninger, Albert L.; Nelson, David L.; Cox, Michael M. (2000). Principles of Biochemistry (3. izd.). New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.
  7. Mothet JP; Parent AT; Wolosker H; Brady RO; Linden DJ; Ferris CD; Rogawski MA; Snyder SH (april 2000). »D-serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor«. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (9): 4926–31. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4926M. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4926. PMC 18334. PMID 10781100.{{navedi časopis}}: Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma (povezava)
  8. Takarada T; Hinoi E; Takahata Y; Yoneda Y (Maj 2008). »Serine racemase suppresses chondrogenic differentiation in cartilage in a Sox9-dependent manner«. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 215 (2): 320–8. doi:10.1002/jcp.21310. PMID 17929246.
  9. Ma MC; Huang HS; Chen YS; Lee SH (november 2008). »Mechanosensitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors contribute to sensory activation in the rat renal pelvis«. Hypertension. 52 (5): 938–944. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114116. PMID 18809793.{{navedi časopis}}: Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma (povezava)
  10. Balu DT; Li Y; Puhl MD; Benneyworth MA; Basu AC; Takagi S; Bolshakov VY; Coyle JT (Junij 2013). »Multiple risk pathways for schizophrenia converge in serine racemase knockout mice, a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction«. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (26): E2400-9. doi:10.1073/pnas.1304308110. PMID 23729812.
  11. Dunlop RA; Cox PA; Banack SA; Rodgers KJ. »The non-protein amino acid BMAA is misincorporated into human proteins in place of L-serine causing protein misfolding and aggregation«. PLOS ONE. 8 (9): e75376. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075376. PMC 3783393. PMID 24086518.

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