Ihepatitis A

Hepatitis A
Kuhlelwa kanye nemitfombolwati yangaphandle
A case of jaundice caused by hepatitis A

Ihepatitis A (lebeyatiwa ngehepatitis lesulelanako) sifo lesibucayi lesitsatselanako sesibindzi lesibangelwa ligciwane lehepatitis A (i-HAV).^[1] Tigulane letinyenti tiba netimphawu letincane noma tingabi nato ikakhulukati kulabasebancane.^[2] Lesikhatsi lesisemkhatsini wekusuleleka netimphawu, kulabo lababa nato, kuba ngemaviki lamabili kuya kulasitfupha.^[3] Uma ngabe kunetimphawu tivamise kuba khona emaviki lasiphohlongo kantsi tingafaka ekhatsi: kunyakuleka, kuhlanta, kusheka, sikhumba lesimtfubi, ifiva, netinhlungu tesisu.^[2] Bantfu labalinganiselwa ku-10–15% baba netimphawu letiphindzekako ngalesikhatsi setinyanga letisitfupha ngalesikhatsi basuleleka kwekucala.^[2] Kungasebenti kakhulu kwesibindzi kungahle kube khona ngalokungakavami kantsi loku kuvamise kakhulu kubantfu labadzala.^[2]

Ivamise kusabalala ngekudla kudla noma kunatsa emanti lanemangcoliso.^[2] I-Shellfish lengakaphekeki ngalokwanele nayo ingulenye yetimbangela letijwayelekile.^[4] Ingahle isatjalaliswe ngekutsintselana dvutane nemuntfu lonalesifo.^[2] Ngalesikhatsi bantfwana bavamise kungabi netimphawu ngalesikhatsi basulelekile bangakhona kundlulisela lesifo kulabanye. Ngemuva kwekusuleleka kanye umuntfu utawuchubeka asuleleke imphilo yakhe yonkhe.^[5] Kuhlolwa kwalesifo kudzinga kutsi uhlolwe ingati njengoba letimphawu tiyafana naleto letinyenti taletinye tifo.^[2] Ngusinye saletisihlanu yemagciwane latiwako ehepatitis: A, B, C, D, na E.

Umjovo wehepatitis A uyasebenta kute uvikele.^[2][6] Lamanye emave ayawuncoma kutsi usetjentiswe njalo kubantfwana nalabo labasengotini kakhulu lebangakaze bagonywe.^[2][7] Kubonakala ngatsi usebenta imphilo yakho yonkhe.^[2] Letinye tindlela tekuvikela tifaka ekhatsi kugeza tandla nekupheka kahle kudla. Akukho kulashwa lokubekiwe, ngako konkhe nemitsi yekuvimbela kunyakuleka noma kusheka iyanconywa kutsi isetjentiswe njalo nayidzingeka.^[2] Kusuleleka kuvamise kusonjululwa ngalokuphelele nangaphandle kwesifo sesibindzi lesichubekako.^[2] Kwelashwa kwekungasasebenti kakhulu kwesibindzi, uma kwenteka, kutsi ufakelwe lesinye sibindzi.^[2]

Mhlabawonkhe labalinganiselwa kutigidzi letingu-1.5 labanetimphawu baba khona njalo ngemnyaka^[2] kantsi kuba khona kusuleleka kwetigidzi letilishumi sekukonkhe.^[8] Kujwayelekile etigodzini tasemhlabeni letingenakutfutsa kwendle lokukahle nemanti lanele nalahlantekile.^[7] Emhlabeni losatfutfuka bantfwana labalinganiselwa ku-90% bayasuleleka nabaneminyaka leli-10 kantsi babese ababi sengotini yekusuleleka nasebabadzala.^[7] Kuvamise kwenteka lapho kubhebhetseke khona emaveni langakatfutfuki kakhulu lapho khona bantfwana abangenwa tifo ngalesikhatsi basebancane nekutsi akubi khona kugonywa lokusatjalaliswako.^[7] Nga-2010, ihepatitis A leyingoti ibangele kufa lokulinganiselwa ku-102,000.^[9] Lusuku LweHepatitis Mhlabawonkhe luba khona njalo ngemnyaka ngenyanga yaKholwane ngamhla ti-28 kute kwecwayiswe ngeligciwane lehepatitis.^[7]

1. ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 541–4. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
2. ↑ ^{2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13} Matheny, SC; Kingery, JE (1 December 2012). "Hepatitis A." Am Fam Physician. 86 (11): 1027–34, quiz 1010–2. PMID 23198670.
3. ↑ Connor BA (2005). "Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler". Am. J. Med. 118 (Suppl 10A): 58S–62S. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018. PMID 16271543.
4. ↑ Bellou, M.; Kokkinos, P.; Vantarakis, A. (March 2013). "Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review". Food Environ Virol. 5 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6. PMID 23412719.
5. ↑ The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases. Infobase. 2006. p. 105. ISBN 9780816069903.
6. ↑ Irving, GJ.; Holden, J.; Yang, R.; Pope, D. (2012). "Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A.". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 7: CD009051. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2. PMID 22786522.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4} "Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328". World Health Organization. July 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
8. ↑ Wasley, A; Fiore, A; Bell, BP (2006). "Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination". Epidemiol Rev. 28: 101–11. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxj012. PMID 16775039.
9. ↑ Lozano, R; Naghavi, M; Foreman, K; Lim, S; Shibuya, K; Aboyans, V; Abraham, J; Adair, T; Aggarwal, R,; Ahn, SY; et al. (Dec 15, 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID 23245604.