↑Haq, Syed (2009). "Science in Islam". Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. ISSN1703-7603. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
↑Robert Briffault (1928). The Making of Humanity, pp. 190–202. G. Allen & Unwin Ltd.
↑Iqbal, Muzaffar (2003). Islam and Science. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. pp. 140–51. ISBN978-0754608004.
↑Egyptian Muslim geologist Zaghloul El-Naggar quoted in Science and Islam in Conflict| Discover magazine| 06.21.2007| quote: "Modern Europe's industrial culture did not originate in Europe but in the Islamic universities of Andalusia and of the East. The principle of the experimental method was an offshoot of the Islamic concept and its explanation of the physical world, its phenomena, its forces and its secrets." From: Qutb, Sayyad, Milestones, p. 111, https://archive.org/stream/SayyidQutb/Milestones%20Special%20Edition_djvu.txt
↑Cook, Michael, The Koran: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, (2000), p. 30
↑see also: Ruthven, Malise. A Fury For God. London; New York: Granta (2002), p. 126.
อ่านเพิ่ม
Huff, Toby. The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West (Cambridge University Press, 1993).
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Islam, Muslims, and modern technology." Islam and Science 3.2 (2005): 109-126. online
Stearns, Justin. "The Legal Status of Science in the Muslim World in the Early Modern Period: An Initial Consideration of Fatwās from Three Maghribī Sources." in The Islamic Scholarly Tradition (Brill, 2011) pp. 265-290. online