↑Kitchen, Martin (2006), Europe Between the Wars: A Political History (Second ed.), Pearson Education, p. 249
↑Barth, Boris (2006), Genozid: Völkermord im 20. Jahrhundert : Geschichte, Theorien, Kontroversen (ภาษาเยอรมัน), C. H. Beck, p. 176
↑Serge, Victor (2011), Witness to the German Revolution, Haymarket Books, p. 232
↑Gunlicks, Arthur B. (2011), Comparing Liberal Democracies: The United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the European Union, iUniverse, p. 127
↑Ringer, Fritz K. (1990), The Decline of the German Mandarins: The German Academic Community, 1890–1933, University Press of New England, p. 201
↑Jones, Larry Eugene; Retallack, James (1992). Introduction. Elections, Mass Politics and Social Change in Modern Germany: New Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
↑Stibbe, Matthew (2010). Germany, 1914–1933: Politics, Society and Culture. Pearson Education. p. 212.
↑Caldwell, Peter C. (1997), Popular Sovereignty and the Crisis of German Constitutional Law: The Theory & Practice of Weimar Constitutionalism, Duke University Press, p. 74
↑Caldwell, Peter C. (2008), "The Citizen and the Republic in Germany, 1918–1935", Citizenship and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Germany, Stanford University Press, p. 48
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