^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.7
Langmuir, Charles H.; Broecker, Wally (2012-07-22). How to Build a Habitable Planet: The Story of Earth from the Big Bang to Humankind. pp. 179–183. ISBN9780691140063
^ 2.02.1Rothery, David A.; Gilmour, Iain; Sephton, Mark A. (March 2018). An Introduction to Astrobiology. p. 56. ISBN9781108430838
^ 3.03.1 Alden, Andrew (2007). "Today's Mantle: a guided tour". About.com. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
^ 4.04.1 "Istria on the Internet – Prominent Istrians – Andrija Mohorovicic". 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
^
William Lowrie (1997). Fundamentals of geophysics. Cambridge University Press. p. 158. ISBN0-521-46728-4
^
Ito, E; Takahashi, E (1989). "Postspinel transformations in the system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 and some geophysical implications". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 94 (B8): 10637–10646.
^ Fukao, Y.; Obayashi, M. (2013). "Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through, and trapped below the 660 km discontinuity". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 118 (11): 5920–5938. Bibcode:2013JGRB..118.5920F. doi:10.1002/2013jb010466.
^Egorkin, A. V. (1997-01-01). "Evidence for 520-Km Discontinuity". In Fuchs, Karl (ed.). Upper Mantle Heterogeneities from Active and Passive Seismology. NATO ASI Series. Springer Netherlands. pp. 51–61. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8979-6_4. ISBN9789048149667
^
Khan, Amir; Deschamps, Frédéric (2015-04-28). The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle: A Geophysical, Geodynamical, and Geochemical Perspective. Springer. ISBN9783319156279
^ 12.012.1 Katharina., Lodders (1998). The planetary scientist's companion. Fegley, Bruce. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-1423759836OCLC65171709
^ "What Are Three Differences Between the Upper & Lower Mantle?". Sciencing. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
^ Louie, J. (1996). "Earth's Interior". University of Nevada, Reno. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
^ Burns, Roger George (1993). Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press. p. 354. ISBN978-0-521-43077-7 Retrieved 2007-12-26.
^ 16.016.1 Walzer, Uwe. "Mantle Viscosity and the Thickness of the Convective Downwellings". Archived from the original on 2007-06-11.
^Workman, Rhea K.; Hart, Stanley R. (February 2005). "Major and trace element composition of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM)". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 231 (1–2): 53–72. Bibcode:2005E&PSL.231...53W. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.005. ISSN 0012-821X.
^Anderson, D.L. (2007). New Theory of the Earth. Cambridge University Press. p. 301. ISBN9780521849593
^Than, Ker (2007-03-01). "Scientists to study gash on Atlantic seafloor". NBC News. Retrieved 2008-03-16. A team of scientists will embark on a voyage next week to study an “open wound” on the Atlantic seafloor where the Earth’s deep interior lies exposed without any crust covering
^"Earth's Crust Missing In Mid-Atlantic". Science Daily. 2007-03-02. Retrieved 2008-03-16. Cardiff University scientists will shortly set sail (March 5) to investigate a startling discovery in the depths of the Atlantic
^
"Japan hopes to predict 'Big One' with journey to center of Earth". PhysOrg.com. 2005-12-15. Archived from the original on 2005-12-19. Retrieved 2008-03-16. An ambitious Japanese-led project to dig deeper into the Earth's surface than ever before will be a breakthrough in detecting earthquakes including Tokyo's dreaded "Big One," officials said Thursday
^"- - Explore Records - Guinness World Records". Archived from the original on 2011-10-17.
^Japan deep-sea drilling probe sets world record". The Kansas City Star. Associated Press. 28 April 2012. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^ Ojovan M.I., Gibb F.G.F., Poluektov P.P., Emets E.P. 2005. Probing of the interior layers of the Earth with self-sinking capsules. Atomic Energy, 99, 556–562
^Ojovan M.I., Gibb F.G.F. "Exploring the Earth’s Crust and Mantle Using Self-Descending, Radiation-Heated, Probes and Acoustic Emission Monitoring". Chapter 7. In: Nuclear Waste Research: Siting, Technology and Treatment, ISBN978-1-60456-184-5 Editor: Arnold P. Lattefer, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2008
^
University of California – Davis (2009-06-15). Super-computer Provides First Glimpse Of Earth's Early Magma Interior. ScienceDaily. Retrieved on 2009-06-16.