自由黨 (巴西)

自由黨
Partido Liberal
自由黨; Partido Liberal
	自由黨标志
成立	2006年10月26日
合并自	Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)（英语：Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)）; Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order（英语：Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order）;
总部	巴西聯邦區巴西利亚
党员; （2023年）	▲761,870
意識形態	基督教民主主義; 基督教右翼; 保守主义; 社会保守主义; 民族保守主义; 經濟自由主義; 右翼民粹主義; 巴西民族主義; 博索纳罗主义; 军国主义; 反共主义; 歷史上：古典自由主義 ; 民族自由主義 ; 自由保守主義 ;
政治立場	右翼至極右翼; 歷史上：; 中間偏右至右翼
參議院	12 / 81
眾議院	98 / 513
州長	2 / 27
州議會	128 / 1,024
市長	348 / 5,568
市議會	3,467 / 56,810
党旗
官方网站
	pl22.com.br
	巴西政治; 政党 · 选举

自由党（葡萄牙語：Partido Liberal，缩写为PL）是巴西的一个右翼至极右翼政党。該黨成立於2006年，最初取名為共和国党。2019年，改名為自由黨^[17]。雅伊爾·博索納羅和罗马里奥都是該黨黨員。

参考文献

^ Gustavo A. Flores-Macias, Gustavo Flores-Macias (编). After Neoliberalism?: The Left and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Oxford University Press, USA. 2012: 134 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9780199891672. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02）. ... Lula's PT government enjoyed the congressional support of the conservative Liberal Party (PL),81 the vice ... system is fragmented but in disarray—the comparatively institutionalized party system in Brazil makes fragmentation more ...
^ Kristin N. Wylie (编). Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil. Cambridge University Press. 2018: 168 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781108429795. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07）. ... While at the helm of the small conservative Liberal Party (PL), Pedrosa's brother suggested she help the party fill the 30 percent ...
^ Lee J. Alston, Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller (编). Brazil in Transition: Beliefs, Leadership, and Institutional Change. Princeton University Press. 2016: 126 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781400880942. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02）. To placate the suspicions of the business elites, Lula invited as his running mate a prominent politician from the conservative Liberal Party.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 PL e Prona promovem fusão. [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-21）. 已忽略未知参数|publicado= (帮助)
^ {{cite web|url=http://pl22.com.br/partido/historia_do_pr.html%7Ctitle=:: Partido da República - 22 ::
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Partidos em números: PP e PL. Pindograma. 2020-12-08 [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-09）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Congresso em Foco. Radar do Congresso: Governismo. 2021-03-03 [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-22）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Bolsonaro to join right-wing Liberal Party for re-election campaign. The Brazilian Report. 2021-11-08 [2021-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）（美国英语）.
^ ^[6]^[7]^[8]
^ <https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2021/11/08/liberal-party-re-election-campaign （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?. [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-08）.
^ Reuters. Bolsonaro to join center-right PL party to take on leftist Lula. Reuters. 2021-11-08 [2022-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-06）（英语）.
^ Gomez Bruera, Hernan. Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil. Routledge. 2013: 77.
^ Brazil's Bolsonaro officially joins centre-right Liberal Party. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）（英语）.
^ ^[11]^[12]^[13] ^[14]
^ ^[6]^[7]^[8]
^ Aprovada alteração do nome do Partido da República (PR) para Partido Liberal (PL). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 2019-05-07 [2019-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-11）（葡萄牙语）.

[1] Gustavo A. Flores-Macias, Gustavo Flores-Macias (编). After Neoliberalism?: The Left and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Oxford University Press, USA. 2012: 134 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9780199891672. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02）. ... Lula's PT government enjoyed the congressional support of the conservative Liberal Party (PL),81 the vice ... system is fragmented but in disarray—the comparatively institutionalized party system in Brazil makes fragmentation more ...

[2] Kristin N. Wylie (编). Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil. Cambridge University Press. 2018: 168 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781108429795. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07）. ... While at the helm of the small conservative Liberal Party (PL), Pedrosa's brother suggested she help the party fill the 30 percent ...

[3] Lee J. Alston, Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller (编). Brazil in Transition: Beliefs, Leadership, and Institutional Change. Princeton University Press. 2016: 126 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781400880942. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02）. To placate the suspicions of the business elites, Lula invited as his running mate a prominent politician from the conservative Liberal Party.

[HistóriaSite-4] 4.0 ^4.1 PL e Prona promovem fusão. [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-21）. 已忽略未知参数|publicado= (帮助)

[5] {{cite web|url=http://pl22.com.br/partido/historia_do_pr.html%7Ctitle=:: Partido da República - 22 ::

[Pindograma-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Partidos em números: PP e PL. Pindograma. 2020-12-08 [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-09）.

[Radar-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Congresso em Foco. Radar do Congresso: Governismo. 2021-03-03 [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-22）.

[#1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Bolsonaro to join right-wing Liberal Party for re-election campaign. The Brazilian Report. 2021-11-08 [2021-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09）（美国英语）.

[9] [6]^[7]^[8]

[10] <https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2021/11/08/liberal-party-re-election-campaign （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[Claudio_Couto-11] O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?. [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-08）.

[12] Reuters. Bolsonaro to join center-right PL party to take on leftist Lula. Reuters. 2021-11-08 [2022-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-06）（英语）.

[13] Gomez Bruera, Hernan. Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil. Routledge. 2013: 77.

[14] Brazil's Bolsonaro officially joins centre-right Liberal Party. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）（英语）.

[15] [11]^[12]^[13] ^[14]

[16] [6]^[7]^[8]

[17] Aprovada alteração do nome do Partido da República (PR) para Partido Liberal (PL). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 2019-05-07 [2019-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-11）（葡萄牙语）.

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自由黨 (巴西)

参考文献

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