达芦那韦是Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council(DHHS)推荐给成人和青少年地治疗方案,无论他们过去是否接受过艾滋病治疗。[8]在一项针对从未接受过艾滋病治疗的患者的研究中发现,如果每天给药一次,在96周时,达芦那韦将与洛匹那韦/利托那韦一样有效。[9]2008年10月21日,FDA批准将达芦那韦用于以前未接受过艾滋病治疗的人。[10]与其他抗逆转录病毒药物一样,达芦那韦并不能治愈艾滋病。[11]
达芦那韦是一种非肽蛋白酶抑制(PR),它利用许多氢键将自身固定在PR的活性位点。[13]达芦那韦的开发是为了增加与 HIV-1蛋白酶的相互作用,并对HIV-1蛋白酶突变具有更强的抵抗力。Kd(解离常数)为4.5 x 10−12M,达芦那韦与PR的相互作用更强,并且其解离常数是其他蛋白酶抑制剂的百分之一至千分之一。[14]这种强烈的相互作用来自达芦那韦和PR活性位点的主链之间增加的氢键(图2)。与FDA开发和批准的大多数蛋白酶抑制剂相比,达芦那韦的结构使其能够与PR活性位点形成更多的氢键。[15]此外,HIV-1蛋白酶的主链在存在突变的情况下保持其空间构象。[16]因为达芦那韦与蛋白酶的这个稳定部分相互作用,所以PR-PI相互作用不太可能被突变破坏。[15]
^World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^Darunavir / Cobicistat. AIDSinfo. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [29 June 2018]. (原始内容存档于3 March 2020).
^hivandhepatitis.com互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2007-07-13., Efficacy and Safety of Boosted Darunavir (Prezista) Are Superior to Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) at 96 Weeks: ARTEMIS Trial, 2008-10-28, URL互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2009-07-19..
^hivandhepatitis.com互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2007-07-13., Darunavir (Prezista) Receives Full Traditional Approval, Dose Set for Treatment-naive Patients, Caution Urged for Pregnant Women, 2008-10-24, URL互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2009-05-19..
^ 13.013.113.2Leonis, G.; Czyznikowska, Z.; et al. Computational Studies of Darunavir into HIV-1 Protease and DMPC Bilayer: Necessary Conditions for Effective Binding and the Role of the Flaps. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2012, 52 (6): 1542–1558. PMID 22587384. doi:10.1021/ci300014z.
^Li, D.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Investigation on the mechanism for the binding and drug resistance of wild type and mutations of G86 residue in HIV-1 protease complexed with Darunavir by molecular dynamic simulation and free energy calculation. J. Molecular Modeling. 2014, 20 (2): 2122. PMID 24526384. S2CID 23262721. doi:10.1007/s00894-014-2122-y.