^Atassi, Karim. Syria, the Strength of an Idea: The Constitutional Architectures of Its Political Regimes. New York, NY 10006, USA: Cambridge University Press. 2018: 259–262, 382. ISBN 978-1-107-18360-5. doi:10.1017/9781316872017.
^Atassi, Karim. Syria, the Strength of an Idea: The Constitutional Architectures of Its Political Regimes. New York, NY 10006, USA: Cambridge University Press. 2018: 262, 344. ISBN 978-1-107-18360-5. doi:10.1017/9781316872017.
^C. Tucker, Spencer. Baath party. U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century 1. California, USA: ABC-CLIO. 2015: 135, 136. ISBN 978-1-4408-3878-1.
^The Israel Economist 26–27. University of Minnesota: Kollek & Son, Limited. 1970: 61. The ideology propounded by the Ba'ath changed completely. The accent on Arab nationalism was discarded as was moderate socialism. Their place was taken by Syrian nationalism and extreme left-wing ideas verging on communism.
^Syrian nationalism is all about masculinity. The Conversation. 13 December 2017 [19 July 2023]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-19). And just as these ideas are at the forefront of the Syrian conflict, they will be very familiar to any ordinary Syrian. Assad’s invigorated nationalism is a highly amplified and intensified version of the same nationalist ideology that we have all experienced over the last four decades.
^Nisan, Mordechai. 5: Syria: The Occupation of Lebanon. Politics and War in Lebanon: Unraveling the Enigma. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. 2017: 93–116. ISBN 978-1-4128-5667-6.
^Baʿath Party. Britannica. 2020 [2024-08-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-01-07). The Baʿath Party espoused nonalignment and opposition to imperialism and colonialism...
^Walt, Stephen. 3:From the Baghdad Pact to the Six Day War. The Origins of Alliances. Cornell University Press. 1987: 87–88. ISBN 978-0-8014-9418-5. yet another coup d'etat in Syria in February 1966 ousted the old guard of the Ba'th Party... and gave a radical faction (subsequently dubbed the neo-Ba'th) undisputed power. Abandoning the traditional goal of Arab unity, the new leaders proclaimed a radical socialist platform at home and a commitment to violent revolutionary activity abroad..
Roberts, David. 7: Ba'athist Doctrine. The Ba'ath and the creation of modern Syria Routledge Library Editions: Syria. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. 2015: 62–76. ISBN 978-0-415-83882-5.
K. Wilber, P. Jameson, Charles, Kenneth; Gottheil, Fred. Iraqi and Syrian Socialism: An Economic Appraisal. Socialist Models of Development. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press. 1982: 825–836. ISBN 0-08-027921-X.