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Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi A
I-Hepatitis A (kudala eyayaziwa ngesifo ngokuvuvukala kwesibindi okuthelelanayo) yisifo sibucayi isifo esithelelanayo sesibindi esidalwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okwaziwa nge-hepatitis A virus (HAV).[1] Izikhathi eziningi kuba nezimpawu ezincane noma zingabi khona nhlobo ikakhulukazi kulabo abancane.[2] Isikhathi phakathi kokutheleleka nokuvela kwezimpawu, kulabo ababa nazo izimpawu, kuba yisikhathi esiphakathi kwamasonto amabili nayisithupha.[3] Uma izimpawu zikhona zivamise ukubonakala kuze kuphele amasonto ayisishiyagalombili kanti kungabandakanya lezi: ukucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo, ukuphalaza, ukukhishwa yisisu, isikhumba esiphuzi, umkhuhlane, kanye nokuphathwa yiqolo.[2] Bangalinganiselwa phakathi kuka-10 -15% abantu abangaba nezimpawu ezifanayo esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokutheleleka kokuqala.[2] Ukuhluleka kwesibindi okubucayi akuvamisile ukwenzeka kuvamise kakhulu kubantu abadala.[2] Imvamisa sisatshalaliswa ukudla noma ukuphuza okuphuzwayo noma amanzi angcolile anamakaka athelelekile.[2] I-Shellfish engaphekiwe yavuthwa kahle ivamise ukuba yiyona mbangela ejwayelekile.[4] Ingaphinde isabalale ngokusondelana eduze nomuntu othelelekile.[2] Njengoba isikhathi esiningi izingane zingavamisile ukuba nezimpawu ezibonakalayo uma zithelelekile nazo ziyakwazi kodwa ukuthelela abanaye.[2] Emva kokutheleleka kanye umuntu akabe esatheleleka impilo yakhe yonke.[5] Ukuxilongwa kudinga ukuthi kuthathwe igazi ngoba izimpawu ziyafana nezinye zezinye izifo eziningi.[2] Ingeyodwa yamagciwane aziwayo e-hepatitis: A, B, C, D, kanye ne- E. Umjovo wokugomela i-hepatitis A isivikeli esisebenzayo.[2][6] Amanye amazwe ancoma ukuthi kwenziwe kuzo zonke izingane kanye nalabo abasengcupheni kakhulu abangakaze bajovelwe ukugomela lesi sifo.[2][7] Kubonakala kusebenza isikhathi eside.[2] Ezinye izindlela zokuvikela zibandakanya ukugeza izandla kanye nokupheka ukudla kuvuthwe kahle.[2] Akukho okwelapha okuqondene ngqo, kunconywa ukuphumula nemithi yokucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo noma ukukhishwa yisiu uma kunesidingo.[2] Emhlabeni jikelele kuba khona izimpawu ezingaba izigidi eziyi-1.5 ezibonakala unyaka nonyaka[2] okungaba izigidi ezingamashumi amaningi ezithelelekile kuzo zonke.[8]Kuvamise kakhulu ezifundeni ezisendaweni ezingenazo izinsiza zokuthuthwa kwendle nalezi ezingenawo amanzi ahlanzekile.[7] Emhlabeni osathuthuka zilinganiselwa ku-90% izingane ezithelelekayo uma zineminyaka e-10 yobudala bese lokho kwenza ukuthi zingabe zisatheleleka uma sezindala.[7] Kuvamise ukuqubuka emazweni asemaphakathi nentuthuko lapho izingane zingalitholi leli gciwane ngenkathi zisencane kuphinde futhi kungabi khona mijovo yemigomo ekhishwayo.[7] Ngonyaka wezi-2010, i-hepatitis A ebucayi yabulala abantu abayi-102,000.[9] Usuku lomhlaba lwe-Hepatitis lugujwa njalo unyaka nonyaka mhla zingama-28 kuNtulikazi ukuze kuxwayiswe abantu ngegciwane lokuvuvukalelwa yinhliziyo elaziwa nge-hepatitis.[7] Imithombo
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