Asam gula
Dalam kimia organik, asam gula atau gula asam adalah monosakarida dengan gugus karboksil pada salah satu ujung atau kedua ujung rantainya.[1]
Kelas utama asam gula meliputi:
- Asam aldonat, di mana gugus aldehida (−CH=O) yang terletak di ujung awal (posisi 1) dari aldosa dioksidasi.
- Asam ulosonat, di mana gugus hidroksimetil (−CH2OH) di ujung awal 2-ketosa dioksidasi sehingga menghasilkan asam α-asam keto.
- Asam uronat, di mana gugus −CH2OH di ujung terminal aldosa atau ketosa dioksidasi.
- Asam aldarat, di mana kedua ujung (−CH=O dan −CH2OH) dari aldosa teroksidasi.
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Contoh
Contoh asam gula meliputi:
- Asam aldonat
- Asam gliserat (3C)
- Asam xilonat (5C)
- Asam glukonat (6C)
- Asam askorbat[2] (6C, lakton tak jenuh)
- Asam ulosonat
- Asam neuraminat (5-amino-3,5-dideoksi-D-glisero-D-galakto-non-2-ulosonat)
- Asam ketodeoksioktulosonat (KDO atau asam 3-deoksi-D-manno-okt-2-ulosonat)
- Asam uronat
- Asam glukuronat (6C)
- Asam galakturonat (6C)
- Asam iduronat (6C)
- Asam aldarat
- Asam tartrat (4C)
- Asam meso-galaktarat (asam musat) (6C)
- Asam D-glukarat (asam sakarat) (6C)
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Referensi
- ^ Robyt, J.F. (1998). Essentials of carbohydrate chemistry. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-94951-8.
- ^ Davies Michael B.; Austin John; Partridge David A. (1991). Vitamin C: Its Chemistry and Biochemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. hlm. 48. ISBN 0-85186-333-7.
Pranala luar
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