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Pertempuran Ankara atau Pertempuran Angora adalah pertempuran yang berlangsung pada tanggal 20 Juli 1402 di lapangan Çubuk (dekat Ankara) antara tentara Sultan Utsmaniyah Bayezid I melawan tentara Timur, penguasa Dinasti Timuriyah. Pertempuran ini berhasil dimenangkan oleh Timur, dan mengakibatkan terjadinya periode krisis bagi Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. Namun, Dinasti Timuriyah mengalami kemunduran setelah kematian Timur yang hanya tiga tahun setelah pertempuran ini, sementara Utsmaniyah berhasil pulih dan semakin bangkit selama dua hingga tiga abad kemudian.
Catatan kaki
- ^ Unknown. "Battle of Ankara". A Mughal book illustration.
- ^ Rafis Abazov, Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 56.
- ^ Europe in the Late Middle Ages, ed. John Rigby Hale, John Roger Loxdale Highfield, Beryl Smalley, (Northwestern University Press, 1965), 150;"Timur, after defeating the Mamluks in 1400, won a decisive victory over the Ottomans near Ankara in 1402".
- ^ John Van Antwerp Fine (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; hal. 499.
- ^ Erik Hildinger (2001) Warriors of the Steppe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press ISBN 0-306-81065-4; hal. 189.
- ^ John Patrick Douglas Balfour Kinross (1977) The Ottoman Centuries. New York: William Morrow and Company; hal. 75.
- ^ René Grousset (1970) The Empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press ISBN 0-8135-0627-1; hal. 451.
- ^ A History of Greece: The Byzantine and Greek empires, pt. 2, A.D. 1057-1453
oleh George Finlay, Henry Fanshawe Tozer; Clarendon Press, 1877
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved, Volume 27
A. Constable, 1911 halaman 444
- ^ The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries by
Kenneth Meyer Setton; American Philosophical Society, 1976 halaman 376
- ^ Bury, J. B. (1923). The Cambridge Medieval History. vol. 4. Tanner, J. R., Previté-Orton, C. W., Brooke, Z. N. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 562.
- ^ Prawdin, Michael, and Gérard Chaliand, The Mongol Empire, (Transaction Publishers, 2006), 495.
Pranala luar
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