karang dan ekosistem asosiasinya pada berbagai tingkat struktur pakan (trophic levels). Teripang berperan penting sebagai pemakan deposit (deposit feeder)...

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terdapat di seluruh lingkungan berair dan tanah, menduduki berbagai tingkat trophic. Tubuh protozoa amat sederhana, yaitu terdiri dari satu sel tunggal (unisel)...

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Lineage: Rapid Morphological Change Creates a Major Shift in a Predator's Trophic Niche, diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 May 2024, diakses tanggal...

Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. The Biological Bulletin 219(3): 249–267...

1007/BF02112134. Towanda, T.. "Ectosymbiotic behavior of Cancer gracilis and its trophic relationships with its host Phacellophora camtschatica and the parasitoid...

Peter V. "The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems – Productivity, Food Chain, and Trophic Level". Botany online. University of Hamburg Department of Biology. Diarsipkan...

Gustavo A. Lovrich & Martin Thiel (2011). "Ecology, physiology, feeding and trophic role of squat lobsters". Dalam Gary Poore; Shane Ahyong & Joanne Taylor...

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Jansa, Sharon A. (November 2012). "Snake-venom resistance as a mammalian trophic adaptation: lessons from didelphid marsupials". Biological Reviews. 87...

Christopher D. (9 December 2015). "Divergent Skull Morphology Supports Two Trophic Specializations in Otters (Lutrinae)". PLOS ONE. 10 (12): 7. Bibcode:2015PLoSO...

Bizzarro, Joseph J. (October 2007). "Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei)". Environmental...

Behaviour of the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Waters with Different Trophic Status". The Journal of Applied Ecology. 30 (4): 592–8. Bibcode:1993JApEc...

Justin A.; Balanoff, Amy M.; Neenan, James M. (2020). "The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis". Journal of Anatomy. 237 (5): 861–869...

2000, hlm. 245–46. Olsen, Jerry; Fuentes, Esteban; Rose, A. B. (2006). "Trophic relationships between neighbouring White-bellied Sea-Eagles (Haliaeetus...

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Diana J.; Schluter, Dolph (2016-12-01). "Piscivore addition causes a trophic cascade within and across ecosystem boundaries". Oikos (dalam bahasa Inggris)...

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2013-12-12 di Wayback Machine. Trophic levels Diarsipkan 2008-12-16 di Wayback Machine. Biomass distributions for high trophic-level fishes in the North Atlantic...

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(2016). "From wolf to dog: Late Pleistocene ecological dynamics, altered trophic strategies, and shifting human perceptions". Historical Biology. 29 (7):...

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Kenneth T. Frank, Brian Petrie, Jae S. Choi, William C. Leggett (2005). "Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Ecosystem". Science. 308 (5728): 1621–1623...

436-459. Sala, E., C.F. Bourdouresque and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 1998. Fishing, trophic cascades, and the structure of algal assemblages: evaluation of an old...

Diakses tanggal 2021-10-04. Ferreira, R. L.; Martins, R. P. (1999-12-01). "Trophic structure and natural history of bat guano invertebrate communities, with...

δ15N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116...

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Species. Diunduh pada 20 Februari 2016. Sutton, Tracey T. (2005-11-01). "Trophic ecology of the deep-sea fish Malacosteus niger (Pisces: Stomiidae): An...

mengubahnya menjadi nutrisi yang nantinya akan digunakan oleh produser primer. "Trophic". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Diakses tanggal 2017-04-16 – via www.merriam-webster...

Adam (4 December 2019). "Cascading effects of temperature alterations on trophic ecology of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)". Scientific Reports...

panjang. Tyler, J. (2005): Distribution, population characteristics and trophic ecology of a sulphophilic hydrothermal vent tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes:...

menyulitkan pergantian air. Konsep baru disebut sistem Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) yang mengandalkan polikultur (budi daya beragam) sehingga...

Inggris). Diakses tanggal 11 Oktober 2022. Peck, Andrea (21 Mei 2018). "Trophic Levels of Coral Reefs". Sciencing (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal...

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Chelesia A. (2022-06-24). "Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions". Science Advances. 8 (25): eabl6529. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl6529...

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Soares, A.; Le Loc'h, F.; Frédou, T.; Ménard, F.; Bertrand, A. (2020). "Trophic ecology, habitat, and migratory behaviour of the viperfish Chauliodus sloani...

S. R. Floeter; J. L. Gasparini; B. P. Ferreira; J. C. Joyeux (2004). "Trophic structure patterns of Brazilian reef fishes: a latitudinal comparison"...

Stevens, Darren W.; Forman, Jeffrey S.; Connell, Amelia (2013-03-25). "Trophic Interactions and Distribution of Some Squaliforme Sharks, Including New...

Effects of microbivore species composition and basal resource enrichment on trophic-level biomasses in an experimental microbial-based soil food web. J Mikola...

tanaman obat dan semak. Setiap danau memiliki indeks diatomnya sendiri. Trophic Diatom Index digunakan untuk menilai kualitas air dan kondisi ekologis...

attraction to kairomones by non-host plant volatiles for herbivores: a bypass-trophic signal". PLoS ONE. 5 (6): e11063. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...511063Z. doi:10.1371/journal...

O'Connor, Jingmai K. (2023-03-27). "Reconstructing the dietary habits and trophic positions of the Longipterygidae (Aves: Enantiornithes) using neontological...

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mangsa berbagai jenis organisme. Van Valkenburgh, Blaire (Spring 1988). "Trophic diversity in past and present guilds of large predatory mammals". Paleobiology...

PMID 7177192. Diamond, J. M.; Karasov, W. H. (1983). "Gut physiology. Trophic control of the intestinal mucosa". Nature. 304 (5921): 18. doi:10.1038/304018a0...

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(2014). "Manipulation of host-resource dynamics impacts transmission of trophic parasites". International Journal for Parasitology. 44 (10): 737–742. doi:10...

(2008). "The Ordovician Biodiversification: revolution in the oceanic trophic chain". Lethaia. 41 (2): 99–109. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00115.x....

Bryan, Jr., A. Lawrence; Brant, Heather A.; Burger, J. (2000). "Effects of trophic status and wetland morphology, hydroperiod, and water chemistry on mercury...

003. ISSN 1687-4285. Kiskaddon, Erin Paige (2016). Feeding Patterns and Trophic Food Web Dynamics of Armases cinereum Across a Mangrove/Upland Ecotone...

(2015-04-07). "A Miocene hyperdiverse crocodylian community reveals peculiar trophic dynamics in proto-Amazonian mega-wetlands". Proceedings of the Royal Society...

Rohan H. (2021-10-01). "Arthropod Predation of Vertebrates Structures Trophic Dynamics in Island Ecosystems". The American Naturalist (dalam bahasa Inggris)...

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Nancy; Ternullo, Richard; Tershy, Bernie R. (2005). "From wind to whales:: trophic links in a coastal upwelling system". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 289:...

Agustus 2025. Tiberti, R. (2014). "Ecological impact of transhumance on the trophic state of alpine lakes in Gran Paradiso National Park". Knowledge and Management...

climate change: why it is essential to include biotic interactions across trophic levels". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological...

"Functional characterization of a human brain cholecystokinin-B receptor. A trophic effect of cholecystokinin and gastrin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry...

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