Mantra

Mantra ( /ˈmæntrə, ˈmʌn-/ MAN-trə, MUN- ; ^[1] Pali : mantra) utawi mantram ( Devanagari : मन्त्रम्) ^[2] inggih punika ucapan suci, suara numinous, suku kata, kruna utawi fonem, utawi kelompok kruna (sane pinih sering ring basa Indo-Iran sakadi Sansekerta utawi Avestan ) sane kapercayain olih para praktisi religius mangda madue kekuatan utawi. ^{[3] [4]} Wenten mantra sane madue struktur sintaksis lan arti harfiah, wenten taler sane nenten. ^{[3] [5]}

ꣽ, ॐ (Aum, Om) mawiguna pinaka mantra sane mabuat ring makudang-kudang agama India . Khususnyane, punika pinaka imba mantra suku kata bibit ( bijamantra ). Punika kapercayain pinaka suara kapertama ring agama Hindu lan pinaka esensi sonik saking realitas ilahi mutlak. Mantra sane langkung panjang inggih punika frasa sane madue makudang-kudang suku kata, wastan lan kruna. Frasa-frasa puniki minab madué interpretasi spiritual sakadi wastan dewa, rasa kangen ring kasujatian, kasujatian, cahaya, keabadian, dame, tresna, kaweruhan, miwah parilaksana. ^{[6] [7]} Conto mantra sane lantang minakadi mantra gayatri, mantra kresna kelinci, mantra om namah siwaya, mantra mani, mantra cahaya, mantra namokar, lan mantra mul . Mantra sane nenten madue arti linguistik sane sujati kantun kabaos prasida ngangkat musik lan madue arti spiritual. ^[8]

Kawigunan, struktur, kawigunan, mabuat, miwah soroh mantra mabinayan manut ring sekolah miwah filsafat Jainisme, Buddha, Hindu, Zoroaster, miwah Sikh . ^{[9] [10]} Praktik sane sampun ketah inggih punika japa, pangulangan meditatif mantra, lumrahnyane antuk wantuan mala (manik-manik doa). Mantra ngayahin peran sentral ring tradisi tantra India, sane nglimbakang metode yoga sane ruwet sane nganggen mantra. ^{[11] [12]} Ring agama tantra (ketah kabaos pamargi mantra, basa Sanskerta : Mantranāya utawi Mantramarga ), tata cara mantra kabaos pinaka pamargi sané pinih becik. Inisiasi ritual ( abhiseka ) dados mantra tertentu lan dewa sane mapaiketan sering dados sarat antuk ngawacen mantra tertentu ring tradisi puniki. Nanging, ring makudang-kudang tradisi agama, inisiasi nenten setata kabuatang antuk mantra-mantra sane sampun pastika, sane kabungkah majeng ring samian. ^{[13] [14]}

Kruna mantra taler kaanggen ring basa Inggris antuk nujuang parindikan sane sering kabaosang tur sengaja kawawanin malih-malih.

1. ↑ Wells, John, ed. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (édisi ka-3rd). Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
2. ↑ "mantra" Error in Webarchive mal: Empty url.. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
3. ↑ ^{3,0 3,1} Jan Gonda (1963). The Indian Mantra. 16. Oriens. pp. 244–297.
4. ↑ Feuerstein, Georg (2003), The Deeper Dimension of Yoga. Shambala Publications, Boston, MA
5. ↑ James Lochtefeld, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 2, ISBN 0-8239-2287-1, pages 422–423
6. ↑ Jan Gonda (1963). The Indian Mantra. 16. Oriens. pp. 244–297.
7. ↑ Alper, Harvey (1991). Understanding mantras. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0746-4. OCLC 29867449.
8. ↑ Frits Staal (1996). Rituals and Mantras, Rules without meaning. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1412-7.
9. ↑ Feuerstein, Georg (2003), The Deeper Dimension of Yoga. Shambala Publications, Boston, MA
10. ↑ Nesbitt, Eleanor M. (2005), Sikhism: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-280601-7
11. ↑ Frits Staal (1996). Rituals and Mantras, Rules without meaning. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1412-7.
12. ↑ Goudriaan, Teun (1981). Hindu tantric and Śākta literature. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. Chapter VIII. ISBN 978-3-447-02091-6. OCLC 7743718.
13. ↑ Boyce, M. (2001), Zoroastrians: their religious beliefs and practices, Psychology Press
14. ↑ Alper, Harvey (1991). Understanding mantras. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0746-4. OCLC 29867449.