Domicid
Domicid (od latinskog domus, što znači dom ili prebivalište, i caedo, što znači namjerno ubijanje, iako se ovdje koristi metaforički) jest namjerno uništavanje stambenih objekata od strane ljudi u nastojanju da ostvare određene ciljeve.[1][2] Uključuje široko rasprostranjeno uništavanje životnog okruženja, prisiljavajući postojeće ljude da se presele negdje drugdje.[1][3]
Koncept domicida nastao je 1970-ih, ali je svoje sadašnje značenje stekao tek 2022, nakon izvještaja specijalnog izvjestitelja UN-a za pravo na adekvatno stanovanje, Balakrishnana Rajagopala.[2][4][5] Rajagopal je tvrdio da bi međunarodno pravo trebalo izmijeniti kako bi se domicid smatrao ratnim zločinom.[6]
Primjeri
Značajni historijski primjeri domicida uključuju: američko bombardovanje Tokija, koje je bilo najrazornije i najsmrtonosnije nenuklearno bombardovanje u ljudskoj historiji,[7] bombardovanje Varšave i Dresdena i razaranje koje su počinili Crveni Kmeri u Kambodži.[8]
Izraelsko bombardovanje Pojasa Gaze smatra se jednom od najrazornijih kampanja u novijoj historiji.[9] Balakrishnan Rajagopal, savjetnik Ujedinjenih nacija za brane i specijalni izvjestitelj za adekvatno stanovanje, optužio je Izrael za počinjenje domicida u Pojasu Gaze tokom rata u Gazi.[10][11]
John Porteus i Sandra Smith u svojoj knjizi Domicid: Globalno uništenje doma također ističu Zakon o preseljenju Indijanaca kao definitivan slučaj domicida.[12]
Reference
- ^ a b Porteous i Smith 2001, str. 12.
- ^ a b Ahituv, Netta (4. 1. 2024). "Amid Israeli Destruction in Gaza, a New Crime Against Humanity Emerges: Domicide". Haaretz (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 10. 1. 2025. Pristupljeno 5. 1. 2024.
- ^ Sullivan, Becky (9. 2. 2024). "What is 'domicide,' and why has war in Gaza brought new attention to the term?". National Public Radio. Arhivirano s originala, 28. 1. 2025. Pristupljeno 21. 5. 2024.
- ^ "Report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context, Balakrishnan Rajagopal (A/77/190) [EN/AR/RU/ZH] - World". Reliefweb (jezik: engleski). 28. 10. 2022. Arhivirano s originala, 7. 11. 2022. Pristupljeno 5. 1. 2024.
- ^ ""Domicide" must be recognised as an international crime: UN expert". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 28. 10. 2022. Arhivirano s originala, 20. 9. 2024.
- ^ Rajagopal, Balakrishnan (29. 1. 2024). "Opinion | Domicide: The Mass Destruction of Homes Should Be a Crime Against Humanity". The New York Times (jezik: engleski). ISSN 0362-4331. Arhivirano s originala, 29. 2. 2024. Pristupljeno 29. 1. 2024.
- ^ Long, Tony (9. 3. 2011). "March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy". Wired. Arhivirano s originala, 18. 1. 2025.
1945: In the single deadliest air raid of World War II, 330 American B-29s rain incendiary bombs on Tokyo, touching off a firestorm that kills upwards of 100,000 people, burns a quarter of the city to the ground, and leaves a million homeless.
- ^ Collins, Andrew E. (2009). Disaster and Development. Routledge. str. 109. ISBN 9780203879238.
- ^ Frankel, Julia (11. 1. 2024). "Israel's military campaign in Gaza seen as among the most destructive in recent history, experts say". AP News. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 1. 2025.
- ^ "UN rights expert condemns 'systematic' war-time mass destruction of homes". UN News (jezik: engleski). United Nations. 5. 3. 2024. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 1. 2025. Pristupljeno 29. 8. 2024.
- ^ "Mr. Balakrishnan Rajagopal". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Arhivirano s originala, 11. 8. 2023.
- ^ Porteous i Smith 2001, str. 77–80.
Izvori
- Porteous, Douglas; Smith, Sandra E. (2001). Domicide: The Global Destruction Of Home. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 9780773569614.
- Akesson, Bree; Basso, Andrew R. (februar 2022). From Bureaucracy to Bullets: Extreme Domicide and the Right to Home. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-1978802728.
- Azzouz, Ammar (novembar 2022). Domicide: Architecture, War and the Destruction of Home in Syria. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1350248106.
Vanjski linkovi
- Domicid: Masovno uništavanje domova treba biti zločin protiv čovječnosti, MIT Faculty Newsletter (Januar—Mart 2024)
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