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X86

x86^[1] ili 80x86 je uopćeno ime mikroprocesorske arhitekture koju je izumio i razvio Intel. Prvi put je iskorištena u 8086 procesoru 1978. godine. Ova arhitektura dominira kod ličnih i prijenosnih računara, kao i na tržištu manjih servera od 1980-tih godina kada se pojavio IBM PC.

Ime je dobila po najranijim Intelovim procesorima familije čiji su se modeli završavali sa 86 kao što su 8086, 80186, 386, 486 i tako dalje. Zbog lakšeg označavanja Intel je od 486 modela usvojio komercijalna imena kao što su Pentium.

Kako se hardver poboljšavao, arhitektura je sve više napredovala. Tako je 1985. godine Intel predstavio 32 bitni 386 kao zamjenu za 16 bitni 286. Ta arhitektura je nazvana i386, ali se danas češće zove x86-32 ili IA-32. AMD je bio prvi koji je 2003. predstavio 64 bitnu arhitekturu korištenu u njihovom Athlon 64 procesoru. Ta arhitektura ima više imena kao što su x86-64, AMD64 (AMD-ovo ime), EM64T, IA-32e (Intel-ovo označavanje) i x64 (neutralno označavanje koje koriste Microsoft i Sun). Ova AMD-ova arhitektura nema veze sa IA-64 arhitekturom koju su razvili Intel i Hewlett-Packard za Itanium i Itanium 2 procesore.

Spisak x86 generacija

Prvi 64 bitni član x86 procesora, Athlon 64

1. generacija - Intel 8086
- Osvježenje za prvu generaciju - Intel 80186
2. generacija - Intel 80286 (286)
3. generacija - Intel 80386 (386)
4. generacija - Intel 80486 (486)
5. generacija - Prvi Pentium, Nx586, 5x86, 5k86, WinChip, mP6
6. generacija - Pentium Pro (i derivati, uključujući Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium M and Intel Core), kasnije i 6x86, K6, C3, Crusoe
7 generacija - AMD Athlon, kasnije i Pentium 4, C7, Efficeon
8. generacija - AMD Opteron (i derivati, uključujući i Athlon 64), kasnije i Xeon 5100 serija and Core 2

Također pogledajte

Vanjski linkovi

Commons logo

Commons ima datoteke na temu: X86

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/virtual-vault/articles/the-8086-and-the-ibm-pc.html

25 godina Intelove arhitekture
Vodič o x86 procesorima Arhivirano 23. 2. 2007. na Wayback Machine

Intel procesori

p r u Prekinuta proizvodnja
BCD orijentisan (4-bit)	4004 (1971) 4040 (1974)
prije-x86 (8-bit)	8008 (1972) 8080 (1974) 8085 (1977)
Rani x86 (16-bit)	8086 (1978) 8088 (1979) 80186 (1982) 80188 (1982) 80286 (1982)
x87 (vanjska FPUs)	8/16-bit databus 8087 (1980) 16-bit databus 80187 80287 80387SX 32-bit databus 80387DX 80487
IA-32 (32-bit)	80386 SX 376 EX 80486 SX DX2 DX4 SL RapidCAD OverDrive A100/A110 Celeron (1998) M D (2004) Pentium Original OverDrive Pro II II OverDrive III 4 M Dual-Core Core Solo Duo
x86-64 (64-bit)	Celeron D Dual-Core Pentium 4 D Extreme Edition Dual-Core Core 2
Ostali	CISC iAPX 432 RISC i860 i960 StrongARM XScale

p r u Aktuelni
IA-32 (32-bit)	EP80579 Atom CE SoC
x86-64 (64-bit)	Atom (some) Celeron Pentium Core i3 i5 i7 Xeon Phi
EPIC	Itanium

p r u Spiskovi
Atom Celeron Core 2 i3 i5 i7 Itanium Pentium Pro II III 4 D M Dual-Core Xeon Budući procesori

p r u Srodni
Chipsets PCHs SCHs ICHs PIIXs GPU comparison Kodna imena GMA HD Grafika

mikroarhitektura

p r u P5
800 nm	P5
600 nm	P54C
350 nm	P54CS P55C
250 nm	Tillamook

p r u P6 / Pentium M / Enhanced Pentium M
500 nm	P6
350 nm	P6 Klamath
250 nm	Mendocino Dixon Tonga Covington Deschutes Katmai Drake Tanner
180 nm	Coppermine Coppermine T Timna Cascades
130 nm	Tualatin Banias
90 nm	Dothan Stealey
65 nm	Tolapai Yonah Sossaman

p r u NetBurst
180 nm	Willamette Foster
130 nm	Northwood Gallatin Prestonia
90 nm	Tejas and Jayhawk Prescott Smithfield Nocona Irwindale Cranford Potomac Paxville
65 nm	Cedar Mill Presler Dempsey Tulsa

p r u Core / Penryn
65 nm	Merom-L Merom Conroe-L Allendale Conroe Kentsfield Woodcrest Clovertown Tigerton
45 nm	Penryn Penryn-QC Wolfdale Yorkfield Wolfdale-DP Harpertown Dunnington

p r u Bonnell / Saltwell
45 nm	Silverthorne Diamondville Pineview Lincroft Tunnel Creek Stellarton Sodaville
32 nm	Cedarview Penwell Cloverview

p r u Nehalem / Westmere
45 nm	Clarksfield Lynnfield Jasper Forest Bloomfield Gainestown (Nehalem-EP) Beckton (Nehalem-EX)
32 nm	Arrandale Clarkdale Gulftown (Westmere-EP) Westmere-EX

p r u Sandy Bridge / Ivy Bridge
32 nm	Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge-E Gladden
22 nm	Ivy Bridge Ivy Bridge-EP Ivy Bridge-EX

Budući

p r u Haswell / Broadwell
22 nm	Haswell
14 nm	Broadwell

p r u Skylake / Skymont
14 nm	Skylake
10 nm	Skymont

^ "X86 System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Pristupljeno 2025-12-27.

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