The year 1724 in music involved some significant musical events.

• Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Sanctus for his later Mass in B minor.
• John Frederick Lampe arrives in Britain.
• Joseph Bodin de Boismortier moves to Paris from Perpignan.
• Agostino Steffani is elected honorary president of the Academy of Antient Musick in London.
• Johann Adolph Hasse arrives in Naples.
• The Le Saraste violin is made by Antonio Stradivari (now owned by the Real Concervatorio Superior de Música in Madrid, Spain).
• In Rome, Domenico Scarlatti meets Farinelli and Johann Joachim Quantz.
• Marriage of the daughter of music publisher Jean-Baptiste-Christophe Ballard to the printer François Boivin.
• Sébastien de Brossard's collection of manuscripts is bought by King Louis XV of France.
• Renatus Harris builds his last organ, that of St Dionis Backchurch in the City of London.
• 7 April Johann Sebastian Bach premieres his St John Passion (BWV 245, BC D 2a) at St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig.

• Attilio Ariosti
  • 6 Cantatas (London)
  • 6 Lessons, for viola d'amore and basso continuo (London)
• Francesco Barsanti – Sonate [6], for recorder or violin and continuo, Op. 1 (London)
• Joseph Bodin de Boismortier – Cantates françoises (Les Quatre Saisons) (four cantatas for solo voice, various instruments, and basso continuo), Op. 5 (Paris)
• François Couperin – Les goûts-réunis, ou Nouveaux concerts (Paris)
• William Croft – Musica sacra
• Jean-François Dandrieu – Pièces de clavecin, Book 1
• Francesco Mancini – XII Solos for recorder and continuo (London)
• Thomas Marc – Suitte de pièces de dessus et de pardessus de viole
• Benedetto Marcello – Estro poetico-armonico: parafrasi sopra li primi venticinque salmi, vols. 1–4 (Venice: Appresso Domenico Lovisa)
• Jean-Philippe Rameau – Pieces de Clavessin

• Johann Sebastian Bach
  • Wo soll ich fliehen hin, BWV 5
  • Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7
  • Liebster Gott, wenn werd ich sterben?, BWV 8
  • Meine Seel erhebt den Herren, BWV 10
  • St John Passion (first performance at St. Nicolaikirche in Leipzig)
  • Wer da gläubet und getauft wird, BWV 37
  • Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir, BWV 38
  • Sie werden euch in den Bann tun, BWV 44
  • Herr Christ, der einge Gottessohn, BWV 96
  • Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan, BWV 99
  • Nimm von uns, Herr, du treuer Gott, BWV 101
  • Du Hirte Israel, höre, BWV 104
  • Du Friedefürst, Herr Jesu Christ, BWV 116
  • Christum wir sollen loben schon, BWV 121
  • Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder, BWV 135
  • Wo gehest du hin, BWV 166
  • Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele, BWV 180
  • Leichtgesinnte Flattergeister, BWV 181
  • Erwünschtes Freudenlicht, BWV 184
• George Frideric Handel – Silete venti, HWV 242
• Turlough O'Carolan – John Drury (composed for the wedding of a local couple, John Drury and Elizabeth Goldsmith)
• Jan Dismas Zelenka – De profundis, ZWV 97

• Attilio Ariosti
  • Artaserse (London, King's Theatre, 1 December)
  • Aquilio consolo (London, King's Theatre, 21 May)
  • Vespasiano (London, King's Theatre, 14 January)
• Antonio Caldara – Gianguir
• George Frideric Handel
  • Giulio Cesare (Julius Caesar), HWV 17
  • Tamerlano (Tamburlaine), HWV 18
• Dominico Sarro – Didone abbandonata
• Leonardo Vinci
  • Eraclea
  • Farnace
  • Ifigenia in Tauride
  • La Rosmira fedele
  • Turno Aricino
• Antonio Vivaldi
  • Il Giustino RV 717
  • La virtù trionfante dell'amore e dell'odio, ovvero il Tigrane, RV 740 (co-composed with Benedetto Micheli and Nicola Romaldi^[1])

• Edward Betts – An Introduction to the Skill of Musick
• Tomás Pereira – Lulu Zhengyi Xubian
• William Turner – Sound Anatomiz’d in A Philosophical Essay on Musick

• February 26 – Gottfried Heinrich Bach, mentally handicapped son of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1763)
• July 18 – Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron (d. 1780)
• August 28 – Diamante Medaglia Faini, Italian poet and composer (died 1770)
• August 29 – Giovanni Battista Casti, opera librettist (died 1803)
• September 14 – Ignaz Vitzthumb, composer and conductor (died 1816)
• October 1 – Giovanni Battista Cirri, cellist and composer (died 1808)
• December 8 – Claude Balbastre, organist, harpsichordist and composer (died 1799)
• date unknown – Joan Rossell, Catalan composer (died 1780)

• March 7 – Wolfgang Nicolaus Pertl, musician and grandfather of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart^[2]
• May 21 – Antonio Salvi, librettist for Vivaldi (born 1664)
• June 7 (buried) – Johann Hugo von Wilderer, composer (born c.1670)
• June 24 – Johann Theile, singer and composer (born 1646)
• August 24 – Andreas Kneller, composer (born 1649)
• probable
  • John Abell, countertenor, composer and lutenist (born 1653)
  • Antonio Quintavalle, opera composer